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Kültür Marulu (Lactuca sativa L.) ile Yabani Akrabalarının Yaprak Mikromorfolojileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 121 - 133, 29.04.2021

Öz

Kültür marulu (Lactuca sativa L.) dünya genelinde tüketilen ve ekonomik değere sahip otsu bir bitkidir. Bu türün birincil gen havuzunda yabani L. serriola L., L. aculeata Boiss. & Kotschy, L. azerbaijanica Rech. f., L. georgica Grossh. ve L. scarioloides Boiss. yer alırken ikincil gen havuzunda ise L. saligna L. yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada ekonomik öneminden dolayı çeşitli çalışmalara konu L. sativa’nın birincil ve ikincil gen havuzunda yer alan yabani akrabalarının yaprak mikromorfolojilerinin ortaya konulması ve mikromofolojik karakterlere dayalı akrabalık ilişkilerinin fenetik analizler yoluyla değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için çoklu örnekleme üzerinden türlere ait yaprakların karakter durumları belirlenmiş ve saysısal analizlere tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışılan diğer mikromofolojik özellikler içerisinde en çok varyasyon epikutikular mum yoğunluğunda ve mum tipinde gözlenmiştir. Diğer taraftan epidermis hücrelerinin antiklinal ve periklinal (L. georgica hariç) çeperleri tür içerisinde kararlılık göstermektedir. Yaprak alt yüzeyindeki tüy durumu da L. saligna hariç tür içinde kararlılık göstermektedir. Mikromorfolojik verilere göre L. sativa’ya en yakın tür L. saligna olup epidermis hücrelerine ait antiklinal çeperin dalgalı (undulat) olması iki türde paylaşılan ortak karakter durumudur. Elde edilen bu veriler ışığında epidermis hücrelerinin antiklinal-periklinal çeperleri ve tüy durumu Lactuca cinsi içerisinde sistematik çalışmalarda taksonlar arasında sınırları belirlemek için ayırt edici karakter olarak kullanılabilir.

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK Bilim İnsanı Destek Programları Başkanlığı (BİDEB) ve Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

2218–Yurt İçi Doktora Sonrası Araştırma Burs Programı

Teşekkür

Çalışmada kullanılan yaprak materyallerinin incelenen türlere ait örneklerden temin edilmesine izin veren, aynı zamanda makalenin gelişmesine katkıda bulunan Dr. Kamil COŞKUNÇELEBİ’ye ve çalışmanın yapılması sırasında maddi destek sağlayan TÜBİTAK-BİDEB’e (2218–Yurt İçi Doktora Sonrası Araştırma Burs Programı) ve çalışmanın yürütülmesinde mekan ve bilimsel destek sağlayan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi’ne ve Dr. Serdar MAKBUL’e teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • Ashafa, A.O.T., Grierson, D.S. ve Afolayan, A.J. (2008). Foliar micromorphology of Felicia muricata Thunb., A South African medicinal plant. Pak J Biol Sc. 11: 1713–1717.
  • Barthlott, W., Neinhuis, C., Cutler, D., Ditsch, F., Meusel, I., Theisen, I. ve Wilhelmi, H. (1998). Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 126: 237–260.
  • Beharav, A., Ben-David, R., Doležalová, I. ve Lebeda A. (2010). Eco-geographical distribution of Lactuca aculeata natural populations in northeastern Israel. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57: 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-009-9503-6.
  • Bremer, K. (1994). Asteraceae. Cladistics And Classification. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
  • Chwil, M., Krawiec, M., Krawiec P. ve Chwil S. (2015). Micromorphology of the epidermis and anatomical structure of the leaves of Scorzonera hispanica L. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 84 (3): 357-367.
  • Eva, K., Lebeda, A., Novotná, A., Doležalová, I. ve Berka, T. (2014). Morphological variation of Lactuca serriola L. achenes as a function of their geographic origin. Acta Botanica Croatica 73 (1): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.2478/botcro-2013-0020
  • Ferakova, V. (1976). Lactuca L. Şu eserde: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. ve Webb, D.A (edlr.), Flora Europaea 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Güzel, M.E. (2018). Çeşitlilik Merkezi GB Asya Olan Lactucinae (Asteraceae) Alttribusunun Türkiye Odaklı Biyosistematik Revizyonu, Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
  • Güzel, M.E., Coşkunçelebi, K., Kilian, N., Makbul, S. ve Gültepe, M. (2021). “Phylogeny and systematics of the Lactucinae (Asteraceae) focusing on their SW Asian centre of diversity”. Plant Syst Evol 307, 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01719-y.
  • Jeffrey, C. (1975). Lactuca L., Cephalorrhynchus Boiss., Cicerbita Wallr., Mulgedium Cass., Mycelis Cass., Scariola F.W. Schmidt, Steptorhamphus Bunge ve Prenanthes L. Şu eserde: Davis, P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 5: 764–783. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh.
  • Kilian, N., Gemeinholzer, B. ve Lack, H., W. (2009a). Tribe Cichorieae. Şu eserde: Funk, V., A, Susanna, A., Stuessy, T. ve Bayer, R. (edlr.), Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of the Compositae 343–383. IAPT, Vienna.
  • Kilian, N., Hand, R., ve Raab-Straube E., von (edlr). (2009b). Cichorieae Systematics Portal, http://cichorieae.etaxonomy.net/portal/ (erişim tarihi: 20.08.2020).
  • Kilian, N., Sennikov, A., Wang, Z., H., Gemeinholzer, B. ve Zhang, J. V. (2017). Sub-paratethyan origin and middle to late miocene principal diversification of the lactucinae (Compositae: Cichorieae) inferred from molecular phylogenetics, divergence-dating and biogeographic analysis. Taxon 66: 675–703.
  • Kirpicznikov, M.E. (1964). Compositae. Şu eserde: Bobrov, E.G. ve Tzevlev, N.N. (edlr.) Flora of the USSR 29: 255-355. Nauka, Moscow.
  • Křístková, E., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A., Vinter, V. ve Novotná, A. (2008). Description of morphological characters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genetic resources. Hort. Sci. (Prague) 35: 113-129.
  • Kodak, E., Erdogan, I, Bani, B., Sahin, A.A. ve Pinar, N.M. (2017.) Leaf micromorphology of some Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) taxa in Turkey. GU J Sci 30(4): 30-41.
  • Koopman, W.J.M., Guetta, E., Van De Wiel, C.C.M., Vosman, B. ve Van Den Berg, R.G. (1998). phylogenetic relationships among Lactuca (Asteraceae) species and related genera based on ITS-1 DNA Sequences, Am. J. Bot. 85: 1517-1530.
  • Kovach, W.L. (2007). MVSP - A multivariate statistical package for windows, ver. 3.1. Kovach Computing Services, Pentraeth, Wales, U.K.
  • Lindqvist, K. (1960). On the origin of cultivated lettuce. Hereditas 46: 319-350.
  • Michalska, K., Stojakowska, A., Malarz, J., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A. ve Kisiel, W. (2009). Systematic implications of sesquiterpene lactones in Lactuca species. Biochem Syst Ecol. 37:174–179. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2009.02.001.
  • Novotná, A., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A., Kršková, M. ve Berka, T. (2011). Morphological variability of achenes of some European populations of Lactuca serriola L. Flora 206:473–483.
  • Podani, J. (1993). Multivariate Data Analysis in Ecology and Systematic: A Metodological Guide to Syn-Tax 5.0 Package, SPB Academic Publishing, Netherlands.
  • Raei Niaki, N., Attar, F., Mirtadzadini, M., Mahdigholi, K. ve Sheidai, M. (2019). Micromorphological studies of leaf epidermis on the genus Cotoneaster Medik in Iran and its implication. Nordic Journal of Botany 37 (2).
  • Rojas-Leal, A., Villaseñor, J.L. ve Terrazas, T. (2017). Tricomas foliares en Senecio sectión Mulgediifolii (Senecioneae, Asteraceae). Acta Botanica Mexicana 119: 69-78.
  • Schwember, A.R. ve Bradford, K.J. (2010) Quantitative trait loci associated with longevity of lettuce seeds under conventional and controlled deterioration storage conditions. Journal of experimental botany 61:4423-4436
  • Shepherd, T. ve Wynne Griffiths, D. (2006). The effects of stress on plant cuticular waxes. New Phytol 171(3):469-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01826.x. PMID: 16866954.
  • Van Treuren, R., van Hintum, T.J.L. ve van de Wiel, C.C.M. (2008). Marker-assisted optimization of an expert-based strategy for the acquisition of modern lettuce varieties to improve a genebank collection. Genet 55: 319–330.
  • Van Treuren, R., Coquin, P., ve Lohwasser, U. (2012). Genetic resources collections of leafy vegetables (lettuce, spinach, chicory, artichoke, asparagus, lamb’s lettuce, rhubarb and rocket salad): Composition and gaps. Genet 59: 981–997.
  • Van Treuren, R., van Eekelen, H.D.L.M., Wehrens, R. ve de Vos, R.C.H. (2018). Metabolite variation in the lettuce gene pool: towards healthier crop varieties and food. Metabolomics 14: 146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-018-1443-8
  • Wang, Z.H., Peng, H. ve Kilian, N. (2013). Molecular Phylogeny of the Lactuca Alliance (Cichorieae Subtribe Lactucinae, Asteraceae) with Focus on Their Chinese Centre of Diversity Detects Potential Events of Reticulation and Chloroplast Capture. Plos One 8 (12): 1-20.
  • Zhang, F.Z., Wagstaff, C., Rae, A.M., Sihota, A.K., Keevil, C.W., Rothwell, S.D., Clarkson, G.J., Michelmore, R.W., Truco, M.J., Dixon, M.S. ve Taylor, G. (2007) QTLs for shelf life in lettuce co-locate with those for leaf biophysical properties but not with those for leaf developmental traits. Journal of Experimental Botany 58:1433-1449.
  • Zohary, D. (1991). The wild genetic resources of cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Euphytica 53: 31–35.

Leaf Micromorphogy of Cultivated Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and its Wild Relatives

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 121 - 133, 29.04.2021

Öz

Cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an economically important weedy plant for human consumption at worldwide. The primary gene pool of L. sativa consists of wild L. serriola L., L. aculeata Boiss. & Kotschy, L. azerbaijanica Rech. f., L. georgica Grossh. and L. scarioloides Boiss. while L. saligna L. is in its secondary gene pool. L. sativa has been subjected to various studies due to its economic importance. This study aims to reveal leaf micromorphology of the taxa in the primary and secondary gene pool of L. sativa and determinate these relationships based on leaf micromophological characters through phenetic analysis. In order to achieve these aims, character states of leaves belonging to the taxa were determined through multiple sampling and these data were subjected to analysis. According to the micromorphological data, L. saligna is the closest species to L. sativa and undulate anticlinal wall of epidermis cells is shared common character state for both taxa. The most variation was observed in density of epicuticular wax and wax type among the studied micromorphological characters. On the other hand the states of anticlinal and periclinal walls of epidermis cells are stable within the taxa. Indumentum on abaxial leaf surface is also stable within the taxa except L. saligna. In the light of these findings, anticlinal-periclinal walls of epidermis cells and indumentum can be used as distinctive characters to determine the boundaries between taxa in systematic studies in Lactuca.

Proje Numarası

2218–Yurt İçi Doktora Sonrası Araştırma Burs Programı

Kaynakça

  • Ashafa, A.O.T., Grierson, D.S. ve Afolayan, A.J. (2008). Foliar micromorphology of Felicia muricata Thunb., A South African medicinal plant. Pak J Biol Sc. 11: 1713–1717.
  • Barthlott, W., Neinhuis, C., Cutler, D., Ditsch, F., Meusel, I., Theisen, I. ve Wilhelmi, H. (1998). Classification and terminology of plant epicuticular waxes. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 126: 237–260.
  • Beharav, A., Ben-David, R., Doležalová, I. ve Lebeda A. (2010). Eco-geographical distribution of Lactuca aculeata natural populations in northeastern Israel. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57: 679–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-009-9503-6.
  • Bremer, K. (1994). Asteraceae. Cladistics And Classification. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
  • Chwil, M., Krawiec, M., Krawiec P. ve Chwil S. (2015). Micromorphology of the epidermis and anatomical structure of the leaves of Scorzonera hispanica L. Acta Soc. Bot. Pol. 84 (3): 357-367.
  • Eva, K., Lebeda, A., Novotná, A., Doležalová, I. ve Berka, T. (2014). Morphological variation of Lactuca serriola L. achenes as a function of their geographic origin. Acta Botanica Croatica 73 (1): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.2478/botcro-2013-0020
  • Ferakova, V. (1976). Lactuca L. Şu eserde: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. ve Webb, D.A (edlr.), Flora Europaea 4. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Güzel, M.E. (2018). Çeşitlilik Merkezi GB Asya Olan Lactucinae (Asteraceae) Alttribusunun Türkiye Odaklı Biyosistematik Revizyonu, Doktora Tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
  • Güzel, M.E., Coşkunçelebi, K., Kilian, N., Makbul, S. ve Gültepe, M. (2021). “Phylogeny and systematics of the Lactucinae (Asteraceae) focusing on their SW Asian centre of diversity”. Plant Syst Evol 307, 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-020-01719-y.
  • Jeffrey, C. (1975). Lactuca L., Cephalorrhynchus Boiss., Cicerbita Wallr., Mulgedium Cass., Mycelis Cass., Scariola F.W. Schmidt, Steptorhamphus Bunge ve Prenanthes L. Şu eserde: Davis, P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 5: 764–783. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh.
  • Kilian, N., Gemeinholzer, B. ve Lack, H., W. (2009a). Tribe Cichorieae. Şu eserde: Funk, V., A, Susanna, A., Stuessy, T. ve Bayer, R. (edlr.), Systematics, Evolution and Biogeography of the Compositae 343–383. IAPT, Vienna.
  • Kilian, N., Hand, R., ve Raab-Straube E., von (edlr). (2009b). Cichorieae Systematics Portal, http://cichorieae.etaxonomy.net/portal/ (erişim tarihi: 20.08.2020).
  • Kilian, N., Sennikov, A., Wang, Z., H., Gemeinholzer, B. ve Zhang, J. V. (2017). Sub-paratethyan origin and middle to late miocene principal diversification of the lactucinae (Compositae: Cichorieae) inferred from molecular phylogenetics, divergence-dating and biogeographic analysis. Taxon 66: 675–703.
  • Kirpicznikov, M.E. (1964). Compositae. Şu eserde: Bobrov, E.G. ve Tzevlev, N.N. (edlr.) Flora of the USSR 29: 255-355. Nauka, Moscow.
  • Křístková, E., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A., Vinter, V. ve Novotná, A. (2008). Description of morphological characters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) genetic resources. Hort. Sci. (Prague) 35: 113-129.
  • Kodak, E., Erdogan, I, Bani, B., Sahin, A.A. ve Pinar, N.M. (2017.) Leaf micromorphology of some Tanacetum L. (Asteraceae) taxa in Turkey. GU J Sci 30(4): 30-41.
  • Koopman, W.J.M., Guetta, E., Van De Wiel, C.C.M., Vosman, B. ve Van Den Berg, R.G. (1998). phylogenetic relationships among Lactuca (Asteraceae) species and related genera based on ITS-1 DNA Sequences, Am. J. Bot. 85: 1517-1530.
  • Kovach, W.L. (2007). MVSP - A multivariate statistical package for windows, ver. 3.1. Kovach Computing Services, Pentraeth, Wales, U.K.
  • Lindqvist, K. (1960). On the origin of cultivated lettuce. Hereditas 46: 319-350.
  • Michalska, K., Stojakowska, A., Malarz, J., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A. ve Kisiel, W. (2009). Systematic implications of sesquiterpene lactones in Lactuca species. Biochem Syst Ecol. 37:174–179. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2009.02.001.
  • Novotná, A., Doležalová, I., Lebeda, A., Kršková, M. ve Berka, T. (2011). Morphological variability of achenes of some European populations of Lactuca serriola L. Flora 206:473–483.
  • Podani, J. (1993). Multivariate Data Analysis in Ecology and Systematic: A Metodological Guide to Syn-Tax 5.0 Package, SPB Academic Publishing, Netherlands.
  • Raei Niaki, N., Attar, F., Mirtadzadini, M., Mahdigholi, K. ve Sheidai, M. (2019). Micromorphological studies of leaf epidermis on the genus Cotoneaster Medik in Iran and its implication. Nordic Journal of Botany 37 (2).
  • Rojas-Leal, A., Villaseñor, J.L. ve Terrazas, T. (2017). Tricomas foliares en Senecio sectión Mulgediifolii (Senecioneae, Asteraceae). Acta Botanica Mexicana 119: 69-78.
  • Schwember, A.R. ve Bradford, K.J. (2010) Quantitative trait loci associated with longevity of lettuce seeds under conventional and controlled deterioration storage conditions. Journal of experimental botany 61:4423-4436
  • Shepherd, T. ve Wynne Griffiths, D. (2006). The effects of stress on plant cuticular waxes. New Phytol 171(3):469-99. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01826.x. PMID: 16866954.
  • Van Treuren, R., van Hintum, T.J.L. ve van de Wiel, C.C.M. (2008). Marker-assisted optimization of an expert-based strategy for the acquisition of modern lettuce varieties to improve a genebank collection. Genet 55: 319–330.
  • Van Treuren, R., Coquin, P., ve Lohwasser, U. (2012). Genetic resources collections of leafy vegetables (lettuce, spinach, chicory, artichoke, asparagus, lamb’s lettuce, rhubarb and rocket salad): Composition and gaps. Genet 59: 981–997.
  • Van Treuren, R., van Eekelen, H.D.L.M., Wehrens, R. ve de Vos, R.C.H. (2018). Metabolite variation in the lettuce gene pool: towards healthier crop varieties and food. Metabolomics 14: 146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-018-1443-8
  • Wang, Z.H., Peng, H. ve Kilian, N. (2013). Molecular Phylogeny of the Lactuca Alliance (Cichorieae Subtribe Lactucinae, Asteraceae) with Focus on Their Chinese Centre of Diversity Detects Potential Events of Reticulation and Chloroplast Capture. Plos One 8 (12): 1-20.
  • Zhang, F.Z., Wagstaff, C., Rae, A.M., Sihota, A.K., Keevil, C.W., Rothwell, S.D., Clarkson, G.J., Michelmore, R.W., Truco, M.J., Dixon, M.S. ve Taylor, G. (2007) QTLs for shelf life in lettuce co-locate with those for leaf biophysical properties but not with those for leaf developmental traits. Journal of Experimental Botany 58:1433-1449.
  • Zohary, D. (1991). The wild genetic resources of cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Euphytica 53: 31–35.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Murat Erdem Güzel 0000-0002-7923-7443

Proje Numarası 2218–Yurt İçi Doktora Sonrası Araştırma Burs Programı
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Güzel, M. E. (2021). Kültür Marulu (Lactuca sativa L.) ile Yabani Akrabalarının Yaprak Mikromorfolojileri. Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi, 8(1), 121-133. https://doi.org/10.35163/bagbahce.866561