Davranışsal Bağımlılıkların Nörobiyolojisi ve Genetiği: Kısa Bir Gözden Geçirme

Öz

Kumar oynama bozukluğu, seks bağımlılığı, dijital oyun bağımlılığı, egzersiz bağımlılığı, internet bağımlılığı, yeme bağımlılığı, alışveriş bağımlılığı ve iş bağımlılığı gibi davranışsal bağımlılıklar, işlevsellikte bozulma, tolerans ve çekilme, eşlik eden hastalıklar, nöronal yolaklar ve genetik arka plan dahil olmak üzere birçok noktada madde bağımlılıklarına benzemektedir. Bu alandaki nörobiyolojik araştırmalar henüz yeni olmakla birlikte, davranışsal bağımlılıklar biyokimyasal, radyolojik ve genetik özellikler açısından ele alındığında, madde kullanım bozuklukları ile güçlü nörobiyolojik ilişkiler ortaya çıkarmıştır. Literatürdeki çalışmaların çoğu kumar bağımlılığı ve internet bağımlılığı üzerine odaklanmış ancak diğer davranışsal bağımlılıkların da farklılıklarının yanı sıra benzer bazı yapısal değişikliklere de sahip oldukları gösterilmiştir. Davranışsal bağımlılıkları genetik ve nörobiyolojik yönleriyle tanımak ve anlamak, bu bozukluklara ilişkin farkındalığı artırmak, süreci daha iyi ele almak, önleme ve tedavi stratejileri geliştirmek açısından önemlidir. Bu yazıda, klinisyenler ve araştırmacılar tarafından son yıllarda daha fazla ilgi görmeye başlayan davranışsal bağımlılıkların nörobiyolojik ve genetik özellikleri ve ilişkili nörobiyolojik yolaklara ilişkin verileri gözden geçirmeyi amaçladık.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kumar oynama bozukluğu
• internet bağımlılığı
• yeme bağımlılığı
• seks bağımlılığı
• egzersiz bağımlılığı
• kompulsif satın alma
• nörogörüntüleme

Neurobiology and Genetics of Behavioral Addictions: A Brief Review

Abstract

Among behavioral addictions gambling disorder, sex, digital game, exercise, food, shopping and work addictions are similar to substance addictions at many points, including disruption in functionality, tolerance and withdrawal, comorbid diseases, genetic background and neuronal mechanisms. While neurobiological studies of behavioral addictions are very recent, research on biochemical, radiologic, genetic and treatment related features of behavioral addictions have revealed strong neurobiological associations with alcohol and substance addictions. Most of the studies in the literature focused on gambling addiction and internet addiction, but it is shown that beside their differences, there is also similar neurobiological and structural alterations exist in other behavioral addictions. It is important to recognize and understand behavioral addictions with their genetic and neurobiological aspects, to increase awareness of these disorders, to handle the process better and to develop prevention and treatment strategies. In this article, we reviewed data on the neurobiological and genetic manifestations and associated neurobiological pathways of behavioral addictions that are beginning to gain more attention from clinicians and researchers.

Keywords

• Gambling disorder
• Internet addiction
• Food addiction
• Sex addiction
• Exercise addiction
• Compulsive buying

Kaynakça

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