Madde Bağımlılığı ve İnsan Evrimi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 17 - 22, 31.03.2018

Elif Mutlu

Öz

Madde bağımlılığı, günümüzde insan toplumunu derinden ve çok yönlü olarak etkileyen en önemli problemlerden birisidir. Farklı amaçlarla bağımlılık yapıcı maddelerin kullanımı tarihte ilk insan topluluklarının yaşadığı dönemlere kadar uzanmaktadır. Tarih boyunca; psikotropik bitkiler ile insanoğlu arasındaki koevrim süreci, bu sürecin insan organizması üzerinde bıraktığı izler, omurgalı canlılarda amigdala gibi bağımlılık ilişkili beyin yapılarının gösterdiği değişimler ve bağımlılık sürecinde işleyen nöroadaptasyon mekanizmaları incelendiğinde, madde bağımlılığının evrimsel boyutu konusu da gündeme gelmektedir. Evrim sürecine tabi olan bir canlı olarak insanoğlunun bu davranışı da evrimsel perspektiften değerlendirildiğinde; belirli adaptasyon, doğal seçilim ve hayatta kalım mekanizmalarının madde bağımlılığı sürecinde aktif rol alan mekanizmalar ile benzerlik gösterdiği görülmüştür. Bu çalışma ile, madde bağımlılığı davranışının günümüze kadar ne tür mekanizmalarla korunmuş olduğunu incelemek; böylece bağımlılık konusuna yeni bir bakış açısı getirmek amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağımlılık Nörobiyolojisi, Evrim Teorisi, Evrimsel Psikoloji, Koevrim, Madde Bağımlılığı

Substance Addiction and Human Evolution

Öz

Today, substance addiction is one of the major problems that affects the human population multidirectionally and deeply. The use of the addictive substances for various purposes dates back to the times when the fist human communities lived. When some of the main issues that have taken places throughout the history are examined, such as the coevolution between the psychotropic plants and mankind the signs that this process leaves on the human organism, the evolution of addiction related brain structures such as amygdala in vertebrate organisms and the neuroadaptation mechanisms that operate in the addiction process; the evolutionary dimensions of the substance addiction comes into question. When this behavior of humanbeing as a living being subject to the evolutionary process is evaluated from an evolutionary perspective, specific adaptation, natural selection, and survival mechanisms are similar to those that take an active role in the substance addiction process. It is aimed to investigate the preservation mechanisms of substance addiction and therefore to bring a novel sight to the substance addiction issue with this study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Coevolution, Evolutionary Psychology, Neurobiology of Addiction, Substance Addiction, Theory of Evolution

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