Adaptation of Bergen Shopping Addiction Scale to the Compulsive Online Shopping Behavior

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 23 - 34, 30.06.2018

Yasemin Bozdağ Özden Yalçınkaya Alkar

Öz

Objective: The purpose of this study is to translate online shopping addiction version of the Bergen Shopping Addiction (BSAS) Scale, Compulsive Online Shopping Scale (KÇSA)  into Turkish and determine the reliability and validity of it. 

Material and Methods: Scale was developed to be used for online shopping and involves 28 items. For this study, a total of 272 participants from 52 cities in Turkey, 71.3 % of which are women (n = 194), 28.7 % of which are males (n = 78), took part in the study. In addition to internet addiction measure, impulsivity, materialism, loneliness, life satisfaction, depression-anxiety and stress measures were included in the study. 

Results: The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the developed scale was found to be .95. In order to reveal the validity of the structure of the scale, the exploratory factor analysis was used, the factor structure was tested and it is seen that the scale has a 5-factor structure. The factors were called as problem-conflict-relapse, salience, mood modification, withdraw and tolerance. It was seen that the developed model was similar with the original one. Additionally as a result of the correlation analysis, there was a positive correlastion between KÇSA and internet addiction and materialism. 

Conclusion: As a result of the analyzes made, it was seen that KÇSA was a valid and reliable instrument for internet shopping addiction in our country.

Anahtar Kelimeler

addiction, buying, scale, reliability, validity

Bergen Alışveriş Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’nin Kompülsif Çevrimiçi Satın Alma Davranışına Uyarlanması

Öz

Amaç: Bu
araştırmanın amacı Bergen Alışveriş Bağımlılığı Ölçeği’nin çevrimiçi
alışverişlerde kullanılmak üzere oluşturulan formu olan Kompülsif Çevrimiçi
Satın Alma Ölçeği’nin (KÇSA) Türkçe formunun geçerlik, güvenirlik çalışmasının
yapılmasıdır.

Yöntem: Ölçek 28 maddedir ve çalışmaya Türkiye genelinde 52 ilden %
71.3’ü kadın (n=194), % 28.7’si erkek (n=78) olmak üzere toplam 272 katılımcı
katılmıştır. Araştırmaya kompulsif satın alma davranışı ile karakterize olduğu
düşünülen internet bağımlılığı, dürtüsellik, materyalizm, yalnızlık, yaşam
doyumu, depresyon-anksiyete ve stres değişkenleri de dahil edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Geliştirilen
ölçeğin Cronbach Alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı .95 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin
yapı geçerliğini ortaya koyabilmek için açımlayıcı faktör analizinden
faydalanılmış, faktör yapısı sınanmış ve ölçeğin 5 faktörlü olduğu görülmüştür.
Bu faktörler problem-çatışma-nüks, düşünceyle meşgul olma, duygu durum
düzenleme, geri çekilme ve tolerans olarak adlandırılmıştır. Ortaya çıkan
modelin orijinali ile büyük oranda uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür Ayrıca korelasyon
analizi sonuçlarında KÇSA ölçeği ile internet bağımlılığı ve materyalizm
arasında pozitif korelasyon bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, yapılan analizlere göre KÇSA’nın
internet alışverişi bağımlılığı ölçümünde kullanılmak üzere ülkemizde yeterli
düzeyde geçerli ve güvenilir değerlere sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bağımlılık, satın alma, ölçek, geçerlik, güvenirlik

Kaynakça

• 1. Akın A, Çetin B. The depression anxiety vestress scale (DASS): The study of validity vereliability. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri 2007; 7: 260-268.
• 2. Andreassen CS, Griffiths MD, Pallesen S, ve ark. The Bergen shopping addiction scale: Reliability and validity of a brief screening test. Frontiers in Psychology 2015; 6: 1-11.
• 3. Baumeister RF. Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Research 2002; 28: 670–676.
• 4. Black DW. A review of compulsive buying disorder. World Psychiatry 2007; 6: 14–18.
• 5. Bridges E, Florsheim R. Hedonic veutilitarian shopping goals: The online experience. Journal of Business Research 2008; 61: 309-314.
• 6. Brown TA, Chorpita BF, Korotitsch W, Barlow DH. Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) in clinical samples. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1997; 35: 79-89.
• 7. Büyüköztürk Ş. Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi 2002; 32: 470-483.
• 8. Cattell RB. The screen test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research 1966; 1: 245–276.
• 9. Clark M, Calleja K. Shopping addiction: A preliminary investigation among Maltese university students. Addiction Research & Theory 2008; 16: 633-649.
• 10. Christenson G, Faber, RJ, DeZwaan M, ve ark. Compulsive buying: descriptive characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1994; 55: 5–11.
• 11. Dağlı A,Baysal N. Yaşam doyumu ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2016; 15:1250-1263.
• 12. d'Astous A. An inquiry into the compulsive side of “normal” consumers. Journal of Consumer Policy 1990; 13: 15-31.
• 13. Desarbo WS,Edwards EA. Typologies of compulsive buying behavior: A constrained clusterwise regression approach. Journal of Consumer Psychology 1996; 5: 231-262.
• 14. DeVellis RF. Scale development: Theory and applications. 26. Baskı, Sage Publications, 2016: 170-230.
• 15. Diener ED, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment 1985; 49: 71-75.
• 16. Dittmar H, Beattie J, Friese S. Objects, decision considerations and self-image in men's vewomen's impulse purchases. Acta Psychologica 1996; 93: 187-206.
• 17. Dittmar H. Compulsive buying–a growing concern? An examination of gender, age, and endorsement of materialistic values as predictors. British Journal of Psychology 2005; 96: 467-491.
• 18. Ger G, Belk RW. Cross-cultural differences in materialism. Journal of Economic Psychology 1996; 17: 55-77.
• 19. Gorsuch RL. Exploratory factor analysis: Its role in item analysis. Journal of Personality Assessment 1997; 68: 532-560.
• 20. Hays RD, DiMatteo MR. A short-form measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment 1987; 51: 69-81.
• 21. Henry JD,Crawford JR. The short‐ form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐ 21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non‐ clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 2005; 44: 227-239.
• 22. Hirschman EC. The consciousness of addiction: Toward a general theory of compulsive consumption. Journal of Consumer Research 1992; 19: 155–179.
• 23. Johnson T, Attmann J. Compulsive buying in a product specific context: Clothing. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 2009; 13: 394-405.
• 24. Kaiser HF. The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement 1960; 20: 141–151.
• 25. Kellett S, Bolton JV. Compulsive buying: a cognitive–behavioural model Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 2009; 16: 83-99.
• 26. Kline P. An Easy Guide To Factor Analysis. New York: Routledge, 1994, 42-140.
• 27. Kenneth Paul Rosenberg MD, Laura Curtiss Feder P. Behavioral addictions: Criteria, evidence, and treatment. Academic Press, 2014, 19-31.
• 28. Kutlu M, Savcı M, Demir Y, Aysan F. Young İnternet Bağımlılığı Testi Kısa Formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Üniversite öğrencileri ve ergenlerde geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2016; 17: 69-76.
• 29. Lovibond PF, Lovibond SH. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy 1995; 33: 335-343.
• 30. Mahmoud JSR, Staten RT, Hall LA, Lennie TA. The relationship among young adult college students’ depression, anxiety, stress, demographics, life satisfaction, vecoping styles. Issues in Mental Health Nursing 2012; 33: 49-156.
• 31. Manchiraju S, Sadachar A, Ridgway JL. The compulsive online shopping scale (COSS): development and validation using panel data. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 2016; 14: 1-15.
• 32. Maraz A., Eisinger A, Hende, B, Measuring compulsive buying behaviour: Psychometric validity of three different scales veprevalence in the general population and in shopping centres. Psychiatry Research 2015; 225: 326-334.
• 33. Maraz A, Griffiths MD, Demetrovics, Z. The prevalence of compulsive buying in non-clinical populations: A systematic review vemeta-analysis. Addiction 2016; 111: 408-419.
• 34. McElroy SL, Keck Jr, PE, Pope Jr HG, ve ark. Compulsive bying: a report of 20 cases. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1994; 55: 242-248.
• 35. Miltenberger RG, Redlin J, Crosby, R, ve ark. Direct veretrospective assessment of factors contributing to compulsive buying. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 2003; 34: 729–735.
• 36. Mitchell JE, Burgard M, Faber R, ve ark. Cognitive behavioral therapy for compulsive buying disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2006; 44: 1859-1865.
• 37. Mowen JC,Spears N. Understanding compulsive buying among college students: A hierarchical approach. Journal of Consumer Psychology 1999; 8: 407-430.
• 38. Odabaşı Y. Tüketim Kültürü. 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık, 2006.
• 39. O'Guinn TC, Faber RJ. Compulsive buying: A phenomenological exploration. Journal of Consumer Research 1989; 16:147-157.
• 40. Pawlikowski M, Altstötter-Gleich C,Brand M. Validation and psychometric properties of a short version of Young’s Internet Addiction Test. Computers in Human Behavior 2013; 29: 1212-1223.
• 41. Pazarlis P, Katsigiannopoulos K, Papazisis G, ve ark. Compulsive buying: A review. Annals of General Psychiatry 2008; 7: 273.
• 42. Richins M, Dawson S, A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer Research 1992; 19: 303 –316.
• 43. Ridgway N, Kukar-Kinney M,Monroe K. An expanded conceptualization and a new measure of compulsive buying. Journal of Consumer Research 2008; 35: 622–639.
• 44. Roberts JA, Manolis C, Tanner Jr, JF. Family structure, materialism, and compulsive buying: A reinquiry and extension. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 2003; 31: 300-311.
• 45. Rose S, Dhandayudham A. Towards an understanding of internet-based problem shopping behaviour: The concept of online shopping addiction and its proposed predictors. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 2014; 3: 83–89.
• 46. Russell D, Peplau LA, Ferguson ML. Developing a measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment 1978; 42: 290-294.
• 47. Savaşır I. Ölçek uyarlamasındaki sorunlar ve bazı çözüm yolları. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi 1994; 9: 27–32.
• 48. Sussman S, Lisha N, Griffiths M. Prevalence of the addictions: A problem of the majority or the minority? Evaluation and the Health Professions 2010; 34: 3–56.
• 49. Tabachnick BG,Fideli LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. 4. Baskı, Boston: Ally And Bacon, 2001.
• 50. Tamam L, Diller RS, Özpoyraz N. Kompulsif satın alma: Bir gözden geçirme. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 1998; 9: 224-230.
• 51. Toprak LS, Şentürk FK, Kılıç G. Yöneticilerin çatışma yönetme yöntemleri ile yöneticiye duyulan güven arasındaki ilişki: Afyonkarahisar’daki beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde bir araştırma. Journal of Business 2017; 5: 105-133.
• 52. Turan G. Relatıonship between materialism and self-construals. Uzmanlık tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, 2007.
• 53. Wang CC, Yang HW. Passion for online shopping: The influence of personality and compulsive buying. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 2008; 36: 693-706.
• 54. Watson JJ. The relationship of materialism to spending tendencies, saving and debt. Journal of Economic Psychology 2003; 24: 723-739.
• 55. Whiteside SP,Lynam DR. Understanding the role of impulsivity and externalizing psychopathology in alcohol abuse: application of the UPPS impulsive behavior scale. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2003; 11: 210-217.
• 56. Xu Y. The influence of public self-consciousness and materialism on young consumers compulsive buying. Young Consumers 2008; 9: 37-48.
• 57. Yargıç İ, Ersoy E, Oflaz SB. UPPS dürtüsel davranış ölçeği ile psikiyatri hastalarında dürtüselliğin ölçümü. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni 2011; 21: 139-146.
• 58. Yıldız MA, Duy B. Adaptation of the short-form of the UCLA loneliness scale (ULS-8) to Turkish for the adolescents. Düşünen Adam 2014; 27: 194-203.
• 59. Yılmaz Ö, Boz H, Arslan A. Depresyon anksiyete stres ölçeğinin (DASS 21) Türkçe kısa formunun geçerlilik-güvenilirlik çalışması. Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi (FESA) 2017; 2: 92-104.
• 60. Young KS, Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology and Behavior 0998; 1: 237-244.
• 61. Young KS. Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon veıts consequences. American Behavioral Scientist 2004; 48: 402-415.
• 62. Yurchisin J, Johnson KK. Compulsive buying behavior and its relationship to perceived social status associated with buying, materialism, self‐esteem and apparel‐product involvement. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal 2004; 32: 291- 314.
• 63. Zhao H, Tian W, Xin T. The development and validation of the online shopping addiction scale. Frontiers in Psychology 2017; 8: 1-9.