Yaşlılarda Bağımlılık

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 3, 59 - 69, 30.09.2018

Çağatay Çavuşoğlu Mehmet Emin Demirkol

Öz

Yaşlı bireylerde madde kullanımı ile ilişkili
bozukluklar, son yıllarda dikkat çeken sorunlardan biri olarak göze
çarpmaktadır. Madde kullanımı ile ilgili 2015 yılında yapılan bir çalışmada
hastaneye madde kullanımı ile ilişkili bozukluklar nedeniyle tedavi amaçlı
başvuran yaklaşık 1,500,000 hastanın %17.3’ünü 50 yaş ve üzeri bireylerin
oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. Özellikle yaşlı bireylerde bir çok kronik hastalığın
bir arada olması, çoklu ilaç kullanımı, böbrek ve karaciğer fonksiyonlarında
değişiklik gibi bir çok neden madde kullanımının zararlı etkilerini önemli
ölçüde arttırmakta ve sorunu çok daha karmaşık bir hale getirmektedir. Genç
bireylerde madde ile ilişkili bozuklukları saptamak için bir çok tarama testi olmasına
rağmen, aynı testlerin bir çoğu yaşlı bireyler için valide değildir. Alkol, şu
an için en çok kullanılan madde olmakla birlikte, benzodiazepin, opiat grubu
ilaçlar, marihuana kullanımı da gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Yaşlı bireylerde
sorunun saptanması kadar tedavi de önemli bir konudur ve dikkatle
değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bir çalışmada yaşlı bireylerde madde
kullanımına bağlı tedavinin %250 oranında artarak 2020 yılında 4.4 milyon
kişiyi etkileyeceği öngörülmüştür. Dolayısıyla yaşlı bireylerde madde ile
ilişkili bozukluklar detaylı bir şekilde irdelenmelidir ve bu konu ile ilgili
yeni araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yaşlılık, bağımlılık, alkol kullanım bozukluğu, madde kullanım bozukluğu

Dependence in the Elderly

Öz

Disorders related to substance use in elderly
individuals are one of the most noticeable problems in recent years. In a study
about substance use conducted in 2015, 17.3% of the approximately 1,500,000
patients who applied for treatment due to substance use disorders were found to
be 50 years of age or older. Many causes, such as the combination of many
chronic diseases in elderly people, the use of multiple drugs, changes in
kidney and liver functions, significantly increase the deleterious effects of
substance use and make the problem much more complicated. Although there are
many screening tests to detect substance-related disorders in young
individuals, many of the same tests are not valid for elderly individuals. Alcohol
is currently the most commonly used substance, benzodiazepine, opiate group
drugs, marijuana use is increasing day by day. Treatment is also an important
issue and needs to be assessed carefully as well as the detection of a problem
in elderly individuals. In a study it was predicted that treatment related to
substance use in elderly individuals would increase by 250% and affect 4.4
million people by 2020. Therefore, substance-related disorders in elderly
individuals should be investigated in detail and new researches on this subject
are needed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dependence, elderly, alcohol use disorder, substance use disorder

Kaynakça

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