Araştırma Makalesi
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Association of Electronic Device Use Before Bedtime with Chronotype, Daytime Sleepiness, and Quality of Life in Adults

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 123 - 132, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1142977

Öz

Objective: This study was carried out to examine the relationship between chronotype, daytime sleepiness and quality of life of adult individuals using electronic devices before sleeping in bed.
Method: The population of the descriptive study consisted of individuals over the age of 18 in Turkey. The research was carried out with 2368 adults between 15.12.2021 and 15.06.2022 using the snowball sampling method, which is one of the improbable sampling methods. Data were collected using “Personal Information Form, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Quality of Life Scale”.
Results: 78.5% of the participants were Ara, 11.8% were Evening Chronotype, and 9.7% were Morning Chronotype; 29.2% had an Epworth Sleepiness score of ≥ 10; It was found that the mean score of the Physical Health Component of the Quality of Life Scale was 51.36±19.90 and the mean score of the Mental Health Component was 53.11±20.23. There was a negative correlation between the duration of using electronic devices before going to bed and the Chronotype type; A low level of positive correlation was found between Epworth Sleepiness Scale.
Conclusion: The increase in the duration of electronic device use before going to bed at night was associated with a late chronotype, and daytime sleepiness increased, and the quality of life decreased as the duration of electronic device use before going to bed at night.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Espie CA. Uyku ve Uykusuzluk Sorunları: Yaşanmış Örnekler, Pratik Öneriler, Uygulamalar. 1. Baskı, Kuraldışı Yayıncılık, 2018: 3-5
  • 2. Combertaldi SL, Ort A, Cordi M. et al. Pre-sleep social media use does not strongly disturb sleep: a sleep laboratory study in healthy young participants. Sleep Med 2021; 87:191-202. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.09.009.Epub 2021 Sep 20.
  • 3. Lin S-Y, Chung KKH. Chronotype and trait self-control as unique predictors of sleep quality in Chinese adults: The mediating effects of sleep hygiene habits and bedtime media use. PLoS ONE 2022; 17(4): e0266874. doi:10.1371/ journal. pone.0266874
  • 4. Amanpour A, Kahraman S, Çınar B, Çelik F. Mavi ışık maruziyetinin sirkadiyen ritim ve beslenme üzerindeki etkisi. CBU-SBED 2021; 8(3): 566-573
  • 5.Manoogian E, Panda S. Circadian rhythms, time-restricted feeding, and healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39: 59-67.
  • 6.Vitale JA, Weydahl A. Chronotype, physical activity, and sport performance: A systematic review. Sports Med 2017; 47(9): 1859-1868. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0741-z.
  • 7.Balta B, Özcan GG, Sari M. Kronotip ve çocukluk çağı psikiyatrik bozuklukları. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021; 28(2): 69-78. doi: 10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2021.57441
  • 8.Suh S, Yang HC, Kim N, et al. Chronotype differences in health behaviors and health-related quality of life: A population-based study among aged and older adults. Behavioral Sleep Medicine 2017; 15(5): 361-376.
  • 9.Maukonen M, Kanerva N, Partonen T, et al. The associations between chronotype, a healthy diet and obesity. Chronobiology international 2016; 33(8): 972-981.
  • 10. Demirbaş N, Kutlu R. The effect of obesity on depression and excessive daytime sleepiness. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal 2020; 42(2): 163-169
  • 11.Al Shareef SM. The impact of bedtime technology use on sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in adults. Sleep Sci 2022; 15(2): 318-327. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200128
  • 12.Tangmunkongvorakul A, Musumari PM, Thongpibul K, et al. Association of excessive smartphone use with psychological well-being among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand. PloS One 2019; 14(1): e0210294.
  • 13. Selvi Y, Kandeğer A, Sayın AA. Gündüz aşırı uykululuğu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2016; 8(2): 114-132. doi:10.18863/pgy.10797
  • 14. Oflu AT, Bükülmez A. Tıp öğrencilerinde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ve uyku problemleri arasındaki ilişki. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 2022; 23:140-145
  • 15.Meldrum RC, Restivo E. The behavioral and health consequences of sleep deprivation among U.S high school students: Relative deprivation matters. Prev Med 2014; 63: 24-28
  • 16. Horne JA, Ostberg O. A self assessment questionnaire to determine morningness eveningness in human circadian rhythms. International Journal of Chronobiology 1976; 4: 97- 110.
  • 17.Punduk Z, Gur H, Ercan I. A reliability study of the Turkish version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 2005; 16(1): 1-6.
  • 18.Mota MC, Waterhouse J, De-Souza DA, et al. Association between chronotype, food intake and physicalactivity in medical residents. Chronobiology International 2016; 33(6): 730-739
  • 19.Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: The Epwort Sleepiness Scale. Sleep 1991; 14(6): 540-545.
  • 20.Bacak B, Kazancı E. Türk çalışma hayatında vardiyalı gece çalışan işçilerin karşılaştığı fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyolojik etkilerin değerlendirilmesi. HAK-İŞ Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi 2014; 3(6): 132-149.
  • 21.Ware JE, Kosinski MA, Keller SD. SF-12: How to score the SF-12 Physical and Mental Health Summary Scales, 2nd edition, Boston: The Health İnstitute New England Medical Center, 1995: 2-5.
  • 22.Kocyigit H, Aydemir O, Olmez N, Memis A. Reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of Short Form-36 (SF-36). Turkish Journal of Drugs Therapeutics 1999; 12(2): 102-106.
  • 23.Hysing M, Pallesen S, Stormark K, et al. Sleep and use of electronic devices in adolescence: Results from a large population-based study. BMJ Open 2015; 5: e006748.
  • 24.Orzech KM, Grandner MA, Roane BM, Carskadon MA. Digital media use in the 2 h before bedtime is associated with sleep variables in university students. Computers in Human Behavior 2016; 55(A): 43–50. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.049
  • 25.Levenson JC, Shensa A, Sidani JE. Social media use before bed and sleep disturbance among young adults in the United States: A nationally representative study. Sleep 2017; 40(9): 1-7. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsx113
  • 26. Eroğlu O, Yıldırım Y. Sosyal medya ağlarının kullanım amacı ve bağımlılığının uyku kalitesi ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Türkiye Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2017; 1(1): 1-10.
  • 27. Shimura A, Hideo S, Takaesu Y, et al. Comprehensive assessment of the impact of life habits on sleep disturbance, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness among high-school students. Sleep Medicine 2018; 44: 12–18. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.10.011
  • 28. Wahl S, Engelhardt M, Schaupp P, et al. The iner clock—Blue lights ets the human rhythm. Journal of Biophotonics 2019: 1-14.
  • 29.Nagai N, Ayaki M, Yanagawa T. et al. Suppression of blue light at night ameliorates metabolic abnormalities by controlling circadian rhythms. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2019; 60(12): 3786-93.
  • 30.Lemola S, Perkinson-Gloor N, Brand S, et al. Adolescents’ electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2015; 44(2): 405–418. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0176-x.
  • 31. Amalina S, Sitaresmi MN, Gamayanti IL. Hubungan penggunaan media elektronik dan gangguan tidur. Sari Pediatri 2015; 17(4): 273–278.
  • 32. Pham HT, Chuang HL, Kuo CP, et al. Electronic device use before bedtime and sleep quality among university students. Healthcare 2021; 9: 1091. doi:10.3390/ healthcare9091091
  • 33.Alshobaili FA, Al Yousefi NA. The effect of smartphone usage at bed time on sleep quality among Saudinon-medical staff at King Saud University Medical City. J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care 2019; 8:1953. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_269_19.
  • 34. Çelik H, Uslu E. Sosyal jetlag ve adölesan ruh sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine 2022; 9: 89-94. doi:10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2021.08379
  • 35.Kivela L, Papadopoulos MR, Antypa N. Chronotype and psychiatric disorders. Curr Sleep Med Rep 2018; 4(2): 94-103. doi:10.1007/s40675-018-0113-8
  • 36.Rose D, Gelaye B, Sanchez S, et al. Morningness/eveningness chronotype, poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness in relation to common mental disorders among Peruvian college students. Psychology, Health & Medicine 2015; 20(3): 345– 352. doi:10.1080/13548506.2014.951367
  • 37. Muller MJ, Haag A. The concept of chronotypes and its clinical importance for depressive disorders. Int J Psychiatry Med 2018; 53: 224-40.
  • 38.Keskin EB, Şahbaz ÇD. Chronotype and sleep quality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Med Bull Haseki 2020; 58: 72-77. doi: 10.4274/ haseki.galenos.2019.5635
  • 39.Mariani D, Muzasti RA, Thamrin A. The relationship between quality of sleep and quality of life of patients in Medan, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7(11): 1794-1797. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.353.
  • 40.Noroozi F, Hassanipour S, Eftekharian F, et al. Internet addiction effect on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific World Journal 2021: 2556679. doi: 10.1155/2021/2556679.
  • 41.Chern KC, Huang JH. Internet addiction: Associated with lower health-related quality of life among college students in Taiwan, and in what aspects? Computers in Human Behavior 2018; 84: 460–466. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.011.
  • 42.Karimi M, Brazier J. Health, health-relatedquality of life, andquality of life: What is the difference? Pharmaco Economics 2016; 34(7): 645–9. doi:10.1007/s40273-016-0389-9.
  • 43. Chung JE, Choi SA, Kim KT, et al. Smartphone addiction risk and daytime sleepiness in Korean adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54: 800–806.
  • 44. Sülün A, Günay U, Sarman A, Dertli S. Akıllı telefon kullanan adölesanlarda gündüz uykululuğu. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2020; 21(2): 129-136
  • 45. Kuzay D, Babaoğlu ÜT. Elektronik cihaz kullanımının uyku ve depresyon ile ilişkisinin irdelenmesi. Acıbadem Universitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2021; 12(2): 272-278 doi:10.31067/acusaglik.840842
  • 46. Cheung CH, Bedford R, De Urabain IRS, et al. Daily touch screen use in infants and toddlers is associated with reduced sleep and delayed sleep onset. Scientific Reports 2017; 7: 46104. doi:10.1038/srep46104
  • 47. Falbe J, Davison KK, Franckle RL, et al. Sleep duration, restfulness, and screens in the sleep environment. Pediatrics 2015; 135(2): e367-e375. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2306

Yetişkinlerde Yatakta Uyumadan Önce Elektronik Cihaz Kullanımının Kronotip, Gündüz Uykululuk ve Yaşam Kalitesi ile İlişkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 123 - 132, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1142977

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, yetişkin bireylerin yatakta uyumadan önce elektronik cihaz kullanımının kronotip, gündüz uykululuk ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisini incelenmek amacı ile yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Betimleyici tipteki araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye’deki 18 yaş üzeri bireyler oluşturmuştur. Araştırma olasılıksız örnekleme yöntemlerinden kartopu örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak 15.12.202115.06.2022 tarihleri arasında 2368 yetişkin ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Münih Kronotip Anketi, Epworth Uykululuk Ölçeği ve Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılanların %78,5’i Ara, %11,8’i Akşamcıl ve %9,7’si Sabahçıl kronotip; %29,2’sinin ≥ 10 Epworth Uykululuk puanı olduğu; Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği’nin Fiziksel Sağlık Bileşeni puan ortalamasının 51,36±19,90 ve Zihinsel Sağlık Bileşeni puan ortalamasının 53,11±20,23 olduğu bulunmuştur. Gece yatmadan önce elektronik cihaz kullanım süresi ile Kronotip tipi arasında negatif yönde düşük; Epworth Uykululuk Ölçeği arasında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde korelasyon bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Gece yatmadan önce elektronik cihaz kullanım süresi artışının geç bir kronotip ile ilişkili olduğu ve gündüz uykululuğun arttığı; ayrıca gece yatmadan önce elektronik cihaz kullanım süresi arttıkça yaşam kalitesinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Espie CA. Uyku ve Uykusuzluk Sorunları: Yaşanmış Örnekler, Pratik Öneriler, Uygulamalar. 1. Baskı, Kuraldışı Yayıncılık, 2018: 3-5
  • 2. Combertaldi SL, Ort A, Cordi M. et al. Pre-sleep social media use does not strongly disturb sleep: a sleep laboratory study in healthy young participants. Sleep Med 2021; 87:191-202. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.09.009.Epub 2021 Sep 20.
  • 3. Lin S-Y, Chung KKH. Chronotype and trait self-control as unique predictors of sleep quality in Chinese adults: The mediating effects of sleep hygiene habits and bedtime media use. PLoS ONE 2022; 17(4): e0266874. doi:10.1371/ journal. pone.0266874
  • 4. Amanpour A, Kahraman S, Çınar B, Çelik F. Mavi ışık maruziyetinin sirkadiyen ritim ve beslenme üzerindeki etkisi. CBU-SBED 2021; 8(3): 566-573
  • 5.Manoogian E, Panda S. Circadian rhythms, time-restricted feeding, and healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39: 59-67.
  • 6.Vitale JA, Weydahl A. Chronotype, physical activity, and sport performance: A systematic review. Sports Med 2017; 47(9): 1859-1868. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0741-z.
  • 7.Balta B, Özcan GG, Sari M. Kronotip ve çocukluk çağı psikiyatrik bozuklukları. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021; 28(2): 69-78. doi: 10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2021.57441
  • 8.Suh S, Yang HC, Kim N, et al. Chronotype differences in health behaviors and health-related quality of life: A population-based study among aged and older adults. Behavioral Sleep Medicine 2017; 15(5): 361-376.
  • 9.Maukonen M, Kanerva N, Partonen T, et al. The associations between chronotype, a healthy diet and obesity. Chronobiology international 2016; 33(8): 972-981.
  • 10. Demirbaş N, Kutlu R. The effect of obesity on depression and excessive daytime sleepiness. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal 2020; 42(2): 163-169
  • 11.Al Shareef SM. The impact of bedtime technology use on sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness in adults. Sleep Sci 2022; 15(2): 318-327. doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20200128
  • 12.Tangmunkongvorakul A, Musumari PM, Thongpibul K, et al. Association of excessive smartphone use with psychological well-being among university students in Chiang Mai, Thailand. PloS One 2019; 14(1): e0210294.
  • 13. Selvi Y, Kandeğer A, Sayın AA. Gündüz aşırı uykululuğu. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2016; 8(2): 114-132. doi:10.18863/pgy.10797
  • 14. Oflu AT, Bükülmez A. Tıp öğrencilerinde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı ve uyku problemleri arasındaki ilişki. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi 2022; 23:140-145
  • 15.Meldrum RC, Restivo E. The behavioral and health consequences of sleep deprivation among U.S high school students: Relative deprivation matters. Prev Med 2014; 63: 24-28
  • 16. Horne JA, Ostberg O. A self assessment questionnaire to determine morningness eveningness in human circadian rhythms. International Journal of Chronobiology 1976; 4: 97- 110.
  • 17.Punduk Z, Gur H, Ercan I. A reliability study of the Turkish version of the morningness-eveningness questionnaire. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 2005; 16(1): 1-6.
  • 18.Mota MC, Waterhouse J, De-Souza DA, et al. Association between chronotype, food intake and physicalactivity in medical residents. Chronobiology International 2016; 33(6): 730-739
  • 19.Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: The Epwort Sleepiness Scale. Sleep 1991; 14(6): 540-545.
  • 20.Bacak B, Kazancı E. Türk çalışma hayatında vardiyalı gece çalışan işçilerin karşılaştığı fizyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyolojik etkilerin değerlendirilmesi. HAK-İŞ Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi 2014; 3(6): 132-149.
  • 21.Ware JE, Kosinski MA, Keller SD. SF-12: How to score the SF-12 Physical and Mental Health Summary Scales, 2nd edition, Boston: The Health İnstitute New England Medical Center, 1995: 2-5.
  • 22.Kocyigit H, Aydemir O, Olmez N, Memis A. Reliability and validity of the Turkish Version of Short Form-36 (SF-36). Turkish Journal of Drugs Therapeutics 1999; 12(2): 102-106.
  • 23.Hysing M, Pallesen S, Stormark K, et al. Sleep and use of electronic devices in adolescence: Results from a large population-based study. BMJ Open 2015; 5: e006748.
  • 24.Orzech KM, Grandner MA, Roane BM, Carskadon MA. Digital media use in the 2 h before bedtime is associated with sleep variables in university students. Computers in Human Behavior 2016; 55(A): 43–50. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.049
  • 25.Levenson JC, Shensa A, Sidani JE. Social media use before bed and sleep disturbance among young adults in the United States: A nationally representative study. Sleep 2017; 40(9): 1-7. doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsx113
  • 26. Eroğlu O, Yıldırım Y. Sosyal medya ağlarının kullanım amacı ve bağımlılığının uyku kalitesi ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Türkiye Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 2017; 1(1): 1-10.
  • 27. Shimura A, Hideo S, Takaesu Y, et al. Comprehensive assessment of the impact of life habits on sleep disturbance, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness among high-school students. Sleep Medicine 2018; 44: 12–18. doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.10.011
  • 28. Wahl S, Engelhardt M, Schaupp P, et al. The iner clock—Blue lights ets the human rhythm. Journal of Biophotonics 2019: 1-14.
  • 29.Nagai N, Ayaki M, Yanagawa T. et al. Suppression of blue light at night ameliorates metabolic abnormalities by controlling circadian rhythms. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 2019; 60(12): 3786-93.
  • 30.Lemola S, Perkinson-Gloor N, Brand S, et al. Adolescents’ electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 2015; 44(2): 405–418. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0176-x.
  • 31. Amalina S, Sitaresmi MN, Gamayanti IL. Hubungan penggunaan media elektronik dan gangguan tidur. Sari Pediatri 2015; 17(4): 273–278.
  • 32. Pham HT, Chuang HL, Kuo CP, et al. Electronic device use before bedtime and sleep quality among university students. Healthcare 2021; 9: 1091. doi:10.3390/ healthcare9091091
  • 33.Alshobaili FA, Al Yousefi NA. The effect of smartphone usage at bed time on sleep quality among Saudinon-medical staff at King Saud University Medical City. J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care 2019; 8:1953. doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_269_19.
  • 34. Çelik H, Uslu E. Sosyal jetlag ve adölesan ruh sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine 2022; 9: 89-94. doi:10.4274/jtsm.galenos.2021.08379
  • 35.Kivela L, Papadopoulos MR, Antypa N. Chronotype and psychiatric disorders. Curr Sleep Med Rep 2018; 4(2): 94-103. doi:10.1007/s40675-018-0113-8
  • 36.Rose D, Gelaye B, Sanchez S, et al. Morningness/eveningness chronotype, poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness in relation to common mental disorders among Peruvian college students. Psychology, Health & Medicine 2015; 20(3): 345– 352. doi:10.1080/13548506.2014.951367
  • 37. Muller MJ, Haag A. The concept of chronotypes and its clinical importance for depressive disorders. Int J Psychiatry Med 2018; 53: 224-40.
  • 38.Keskin EB, Şahbaz ÇD. Chronotype and sleep quality in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Med Bull Haseki 2020; 58: 72-77. doi: 10.4274/ haseki.galenos.2019.5635
  • 39.Mariani D, Muzasti RA, Thamrin A. The relationship between quality of sleep and quality of life of patients in Medan, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7(11): 1794-1797. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.353.
  • 40.Noroozi F, Hassanipour S, Eftekharian F, et al. Internet addiction effect on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific World Journal 2021: 2556679. doi: 10.1155/2021/2556679.
  • 41.Chern KC, Huang JH. Internet addiction: Associated with lower health-related quality of life among college students in Taiwan, and in what aspects? Computers in Human Behavior 2018; 84: 460–466. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.011.
  • 42.Karimi M, Brazier J. Health, health-relatedquality of life, andquality of life: What is the difference? Pharmaco Economics 2016; 34(7): 645–9. doi:10.1007/s40273-016-0389-9.
  • 43. Chung JE, Choi SA, Kim KT, et al. Smartphone addiction risk and daytime sleepiness in Korean adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54: 800–806.
  • 44. Sülün A, Günay U, Sarman A, Dertli S. Akıllı telefon kullanan adölesanlarda gündüz uykululuğu. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2020; 21(2): 129-136
  • 45. Kuzay D, Babaoğlu ÜT. Elektronik cihaz kullanımının uyku ve depresyon ile ilişkisinin irdelenmesi. Acıbadem Universitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2021; 12(2): 272-278 doi:10.31067/acusaglik.840842
  • 46. Cheung CH, Bedford R, De Urabain IRS, et al. Daily touch screen use in infants and toddlers is associated with reduced sleep and delayed sleep onset. Scientific Reports 2017; 7: 46104. doi:10.1038/srep46104
  • 47. Falbe J, Davison KK, Franckle RL, et al. Sleep duration, restfulness, and screens in the sleep environment. Pediatrics 2015; 135(2): e367-e375. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2306
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikiyatri
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Fatma Karasu 0000-0002-7347-0981

Filiz Polat 0000-0001-8326-9504

Duygu Ayar 0000-0003-3781-7914

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Ocak 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 25 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Karasu F, Polat F, Ayar D. Yetişkinlerde Yatakta Uyumadan Önce Elektronik Cihaz Kullanımının Kronotip, Gündüz Uykululuk ve Yaşam Kalitesi ile İlişkisi. Bağımlılık Dergisi. Haziran 2023;24(2):123-132. doi:10.51982/bagimli.1142977

Bağımlılık Dergisi - Journal of Dependence