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İnternet Bağımlılığı Tedavisinde Bilişsel Davranışçı Grup Terapileri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 528 - 538, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1257407

Öz

İnternet bağımlılığı, COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde günlük yaşamda internet ile kurulan ilişkinin artması nedeniyle toplumsal bir soruna dönüşme riski taşımaktadır. İnternet bağımlılığı ile mücadelede etkili olan uygulama yaklaşımlarından biri bilişsel davranışçı terapidir. Bununla birlikte grup terapileri, grup üyelerine sorunlarında yalnız olmadıklarını göstermeyi ve bu sorunlarla mücadelede ederken sosyal destek sistemlerini geliştirmeyi amaçlar. Ayrıca, grup üyeleri birbirlerine rol model olurlar. Türkiye’de de internet bağımlılığının toplumsal bir soruna dönüşme riski vardır. Fakat Türkiye’de internet bağımlılığı tedavisinde bilişsel davranışçı grup terapilerinin etkilerini araştıran çalışmalar az sayıdadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı, internet bağımlılığı ile grup düzeyinde çalışırken kullanılabilecek müdahale yaklaşımlarından biri olan bilişsel davranışçı terapiyi tartışmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda bu çalışmada internet bağımlılığı kavramı ve tanı kriterleri, internet bağımlılığına yönelik müdahaleler, bilişsel davranışçı grup terapileri ve literatürdeki ampirik araştırmalar çerçevesinde internet bağımlılığı tedavisinde bilişsel davranışçı grup terapileri ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bilişsel davranışçı grup terapileri internet bağımlılığı semptomlarını azaltmaktadır. Ancak farklı yaş gruplarını, kadınları ve bir risk faktörü olarak COVID-19 pandemisini gözeten araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Arısoy Ö. İnternet bağımlılığı ve tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2009; 1(1): 55–67.
  • Bağımlılıkla Mücadele Yüksek Kurulu. 2019–2023 Davranışsal Bağımlılıklar İle Mücadele Ulusal Strateji Belgesi ve Eylem Planı. Ankara: Bağımlılıkla Mücadele Yüksek Kurulu, 2019.
  • Baltacı Ö, Akbulut ÖF, Yılmaz E. Problemli internet kullanımında güncel bir risk faktörü: COVID-19 pandemisi. Humanistic Perspective 2021; 3(1): 97–121.
  • Dong H, Yang F, Lu X, Hao W. Internet addiction and related psychological factors among children and adolescents in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11: 00751.
  • Li YY, Sun Y, Meng SQ et al. Internet addiction increases in the general population during COVID-19: evidence from China. Am J Addict 2021; 30(4): 389-397.
  • Lin MP. Prevalence of internet addiction during the COVID-19 outbreak and its risk factors among junior high school students in Taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(22): 8547.
  • Servidio R, Bartolo MG, Palermiti AL, Costabile A. Fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and their association with Internet addiction disorder in a sample of Italian students. J Affect Disord Rep 2021; 4: 100097.
  • Sun Y, Li Y, Bao Y et al. Brief report: Increased addictive internet and substance use behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Am J Addict 2020; 29(4): 268-270.
  • Evli M, Şimşek N. The effect of COVID-19 uncertainty on internet addiction, happiness and life satisfaction in adolescents. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 41: 20-26.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2019. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, 2019.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2022. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, 2022.
  • Erden S, Hatun O. İnternet bağımlılığı ile başa çıkmada bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşımın kullanılması: Bir olgu sunumu. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions 2015; 2(1): 53–83.
  • King DL, Delfabro PH, Griffiths MD, Gradisar M. Cognitive-behavioral approaches to outpatient treatment of internet addiction in children and adolescents. J Clin Psychol 2012; 68(11): 1185–1195.
  • Liu J, Nie J, Wang Y. Effects of group counseling programs, cognitive behavioral therapy, and sports intervention on internet addiction in East Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14: 1–17.
  • Wölfling K, Beutel ME, Dreier M, Müller KW. Treatment outcomes in patients with internet addiction: A clinical pilot study on the effects of a cognitive-behavioral therapy program. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 425924.
  • Young KS. CBT-IA: The first treatment model for internet addiction. J Cogn Psychother 2011; 25(4): 209–215.
  • Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xu F. Does cognitive-behavioral therapy reduce internet addiction? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 2019; 98(38): e17283.
  • Zhang YY, Chen JJ, Ye H, Volantin L. Psychological effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on internet addiction in adolescents: a systematic review protocol. Medicine 2020; 99(4): e18456.
  • Bağatarhan T, Siyez DM. The effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral prevention program for internet addiction. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther 2022; 40: 767–792
  • Canoğulları-Ayazseven Ö. Ergenlerde Problemli İnternet Kullanımını Önlemeye Yönelik Bilişsel-Davranışçı Temelli Psiko-Eğitim Çalışmasının Etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Adana: Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2019.
  • Şenormancı Ö. İnternet bağımlılığı: internette oyun, seks, kumar ve alışveriş bağımlılıklarının farmakolojik tedavisi ve bilişsel davranışçı terapisi. Klin Psikofarmakol Bulteni 2012; 22(1): 13.
  • Cash H, Rae CD, Steel AH, Winkler A. Internet addiction: A brief summary of research and practice. Curr Psychiatry Rev 2012; 8(4): 292-298.
  • Dalal PK, Basu D. Twenty years of internet addiction, Quo Vadis? Indian J Psychiatry 2016; 58(1): 6–11.
  • Şenormancı Ö, Konkan R, Sungur, MZ. İnternet bağımlılığı ve bilişsel davranışçı terapisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2010; 11: 261–268.
  • Ögel K. İnternet bağımlılığı: Genel bir bakış. Evren C. (editor). Davranışsal Bağımlılıklar Temel Başvuru Kitabı. Ankara: Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği Yayınları, 2021: 159–165.
  • Lopez-Fernandez O, Kuss DJ. Preventing harmful internet use-related addiction problems in Europe: A literature review and policy options. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(11): 3797.
  • Murali V, George S. Lost online: An overview of internet addiction. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2007; 13(1): 24-30.
  • Young KS. Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav 1998; 1(3): 237–244.
  • Beard KW, Wolf EM. Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction. Cyberpsychol Behav 2001; 4(3): 377-383.
  • Yen CF, Ko CH, Yen JY et al. Multi-dimensional discriminative factors for Internet addiction among adolescents regarding gender and age. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009; 63(3): 357-364.
  • Ko CH, Yen JY, Chen CS et al. Psychiatric comorbidity of internet addiction in college students: An interview study. CNS Spectr 2014; 13(2): 147-153.
  • Weinstein A, Feder LC, Rosenberg KP, Dannon P. Internet addiction disorder: Overview and controversies. Rosenberg KP, Feder LC (editors). Behavioral Addictions: Criteria, Evidence, and Treatment. New York: Academic Press, 2014: 99-117.
  • Bernardi S, Pallanti S. Internet addiction: A descriptive clinical study focusing on comorbidities and dissociative symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 2009; 50(6): 510-516.
  • De Berardis D, D’Albenzio A, Gambi F et al. Alexithymia and its relationships with dissociative experiences and internet addiction in a nonclinical sample. Cyberpsychol Behav 2009; 12(1): 67-69.
  • Weinstein A, Lejoyeux M. Internet addiction or excessive internet use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2010; 36(5): 277-283.
  • Young KS. Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. VandeCreek L, Jackson TL (Editors) Innovations in Clinical Practice Volume 17. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press, 1999.
  • Han DH, Renshaw PF. Bupropion in the treatment of problematic online game play in patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26(5): 689–696.
  • Lee YS, Han DH, Yang KC, et al. Depression like characteristics of 5HTTLPR polymorphism and temperament in excessive internet users. J Affect Disord 2008; 109(1–2): 165–169.
  • Bostwick JM, Bucci JA. Internet sex addiction treated with naltrexone. Mayo Clin Proc 2008; 83(2): 226–230.
  • Kim JU. The effect of a R/T group counseling program on the Internet addiction level and self-esteem of Internet addiction university students. International Journal of Reality Therapy 2008; 27(2): 4-12.
  • Robinovitz S, Nagar M. Possible end to an endless quest? Cognitive bias modification for excessive multiplayer online gamers. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2015; 18(10): 581-587.
  • Zhang JT, Yao YW, Potenza MN et al. Effects of craving behavioral intervention on neural substrates of cue-induced craving in Internet gaming disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12: 591-599.
  • Zhang JT, Yao YW, Potenza MN et al. Altered resting-state neural activity and changes following a craving behavioral intervention for Internet gaming disorder. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 28109.
  • Zhong X, Zu S, Sha S et al. The effect of a family-based intervention model on internet-addicted Chinese adolescents. Soc Behav Pers 2011; 39(8): 1021-1034.
  • Li W, Garland EL, McGovern P et al. Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for internet gaming disorder in U.S. adults: A stage I randomized controlled trial. Psychol Addict Behav 2017; 31(4): 393-402.
  • Xu LX, Wu LL, Geng XM et al. A review of psychological interventions for internet addiction. Psychiatry Res 2021; 302: 114016.
  • Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford Press, 1979.
  • Türkçapar H. Bilişsel Terapi: Temel İlkeler ve Uygulama. Ankara: HYB Yayıncılık, 2008.
  • Rose SD. Group therapy: A cognitive-behavioral approach. Price J, Hescheles D, Price A (editors). A Guide to Starting Psychotherapy Groups. Academic Press, 1999: 99–113.
  • Sütçü ST. Bilişsel davranışçı grup terapileri. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2015; 8(Suppl 1): 1–2.
  • Feng CY, Chu H, Chen CH et al. The effect of cognitive behavioral group therapy for depression: A meta-analysis 2000–2010. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2011; 9(1): 2-17.
  • Heimberg RG, Dodge CS, Hope DA et al. Cognitive behavioral group treatment for social phobia: Comparison with a credible placebo control. Cognit Ther Res 1990; 14(1): 1-23.
  • Agbaria Q. Cognitive behavioral intervention in dealing with internet addiction among Arab teenagers in Israel. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; doi: 10.1007/s11469-021-00733-6.
  • Alavi SS, Ghanizadeh M, Mohammadi MR, et al. The effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for reducing symptoms of internet addiction disorder and promoting quality of life and mental health. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2021; 43(1): 47–56.
  • Du YS, Jiang W, Vance A. Longer term effect of randomized, controlled group cognitive behavioral therapy for internet addiction in adolescent students in Shanghai. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2010; 44(2): 129–134.
  • Zeidi IM, Divsalar S, Morshedi H, Alizadeh H. The effectiveness of group cognitive‑behavioral therapy on general self‑efficacy, self‑control, and internet addiction prevalence among medical university students. Social Health and Behavior 2020; 3(3): 93–102.
  • Balta Ö, Horzum MB. İnternet bağımlılığı testi. Eğitim Bilimleri ve Uygulama 2008; 7(13): 87–102.
  • Bong SH, Won GH, Choi TY. Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy-based music therapy in Korean adolescents with smartphone and internet addiction. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18(2): 110–117.
  • Kim SH, Yim HW, Jo SJ, et al. The effects of group cognitive behavioral therapy on the improvement of depression and anxiety in adolescents with problematic internet use. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2018; 29(2): 73–79.
  • Nichols LA, Nicki R. Development of a psychometrically sound internet addiction scale: A preliminary step. Psychol Addict Behav 2004; 18(4): 381–384.
  • Meerkerk GJ, Van Den Eijnden R, Vermulst AA, Garretsen HFL. The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS): some psychometric properties. Cyberpsychol Behav 2009; 12(1): 1–6.
  • Kayri M, Günüç S. İnternet bağımlılık ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2009; 42(1): 157–175.
  • Kim K, Ryu E, Chon MY, et al. Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2006; 43(2): 185–192.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. Davranışsal Bağımlılıklarda Danışmanlık Rehber Kitabı. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığüı Genel Müdürlüğü Ruh Sağlığı Daire Başkanlığı, 2021.
  • Gozen D, Kurt AS, Canbulat N. The current health problem: Internet addiction in children. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2014; 15(1): 34-39.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapies in the Treatment of Internet Addiction

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 528 - 538, 29.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.51982/bagimli.1257407

Öz

Internet addiction carries the risk of turning into a social problem due to the increase in the relationship with the internet in everyday life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the effective practice approaches in fighting against internet addiction. On the other hand, group therapies aim to show group members that they are not alone in their problems and develop social support systems while contending with these problems. In addition, group members become role models for each other. Turkey has also risk of that internet addiction become a social problem. However, there are a few studies in Turkey, investigating the effects of cognitive behavioral therapies in the treatment of internet addiction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to discuss cognitive behavioral therapy, which is one of the intervention approaches that can be used when working with internet addiction at group level. For this purpose, in this study, the concept and diagnosis criteria of internet addiction, interventions for internet addiction, cognitive-behavioral group therapies, and cognitive behavioral group therapies in the treatment of internet addiction were addressed within the framework of empirical research in the literature. To conclude, cognitive behavioral group therapies reduce the symptoms of internet addiction. There is nonetheless a need for research regarding different age groups, women, and COVID-19 pandemics as a risk factor.

Kaynakça

  • Arısoy Ö. İnternet bağımlılığı ve tedavisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2009; 1(1): 55–67.
  • Bağımlılıkla Mücadele Yüksek Kurulu. 2019–2023 Davranışsal Bağımlılıklar İle Mücadele Ulusal Strateji Belgesi ve Eylem Planı. Ankara: Bağımlılıkla Mücadele Yüksek Kurulu, 2019.
  • Baltacı Ö, Akbulut ÖF, Yılmaz E. Problemli internet kullanımında güncel bir risk faktörü: COVID-19 pandemisi. Humanistic Perspective 2021; 3(1): 97–121.
  • Dong H, Yang F, Lu X, Hao W. Internet addiction and related psychological factors among children and adolescents in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11: 00751.
  • Li YY, Sun Y, Meng SQ et al. Internet addiction increases in the general population during COVID-19: evidence from China. Am J Addict 2021; 30(4): 389-397.
  • Lin MP. Prevalence of internet addiction during the COVID-19 outbreak and its risk factors among junior high school students in Taiwan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(22): 8547.
  • Servidio R, Bartolo MG, Palermiti AL, Costabile A. Fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and their association with Internet addiction disorder in a sample of Italian students. J Affect Disord Rep 2021; 4: 100097.
  • Sun Y, Li Y, Bao Y et al. Brief report: Increased addictive internet and substance use behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Am J Addict 2020; 29(4): 268-270.
  • Evli M, Şimşek N. The effect of COVID-19 uncertainty on internet addiction, happiness and life satisfaction in adolescents. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 41: 20-26.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2019. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, 2019.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2022. Ankara: Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, 2022.
  • Erden S, Hatun O. İnternet bağımlılığı ile başa çıkmada bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşımın kullanılması: Bir olgu sunumu. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions 2015; 2(1): 53–83.
  • King DL, Delfabro PH, Griffiths MD, Gradisar M. Cognitive-behavioral approaches to outpatient treatment of internet addiction in children and adolescents. J Clin Psychol 2012; 68(11): 1185–1195.
  • Liu J, Nie J, Wang Y. Effects of group counseling programs, cognitive behavioral therapy, and sports intervention on internet addiction in East Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14: 1–17.
  • Wölfling K, Beutel ME, Dreier M, Müller KW. Treatment outcomes in patients with internet addiction: A clinical pilot study on the effects of a cognitive-behavioral therapy program. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014: 425924.
  • Young KS. CBT-IA: The first treatment model for internet addiction. J Cogn Psychother 2011; 25(4): 209–215.
  • Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xu F. Does cognitive-behavioral therapy reduce internet addiction? Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 2019; 98(38): e17283.
  • Zhang YY, Chen JJ, Ye H, Volantin L. Psychological effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on internet addiction in adolescents: a systematic review protocol. Medicine 2020; 99(4): e18456.
  • Bağatarhan T, Siyez DM. The effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral prevention program for internet addiction. J Ration Emot Cogn Behav Ther 2022; 40: 767–792
  • Canoğulları-Ayazseven Ö. Ergenlerde Problemli İnternet Kullanımını Önlemeye Yönelik Bilişsel-Davranışçı Temelli Psiko-Eğitim Çalışmasının Etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Adana: Çukurova Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2019.
  • Şenormancı Ö. İnternet bağımlılığı: internette oyun, seks, kumar ve alışveriş bağımlılıklarının farmakolojik tedavisi ve bilişsel davranışçı terapisi. Klin Psikofarmakol Bulteni 2012; 22(1): 13.
  • Cash H, Rae CD, Steel AH, Winkler A. Internet addiction: A brief summary of research and practice. Curr Psychiatry Rev 2012; 8(4): 292-298.
  • Dalal PK, Basu D. Twenty years of internet addiction, Quo Vadis? Indian J Psychiatry 2016; 58(1): 6–11.
  • Şenormancı Ö, Konkan R, Sungur, MZ. İnternet bağımlılığı ve bilişsel davranışçı terapisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2010; 11: 261–268.
  • Ögel K. İnternet bağımlılığı: Genel bir bakış. Evren C. (editor). Davranışsal Bağımlılıklar Temel Başvuru Kitabı. Ankara: Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği Yayınları, 2021: 159–165.
  • Lopez-Fernandez O, Kuss DJ. Preventing harmful internet use-related addiction problems in Europe: A literature review and policy options. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(11): 3797.
  • Murali V, George S. Lost online: An overview of internet addiction. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2007; 13(1): 24-30.
  • Young KS. Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychol Behav 1998; 1(3): 237–244.
  • Beard KW, Wolf EM. Modification in the proposed diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction. Cyberpsychol Behav 2001; 4(3): 377-383.
  • Yen CF, Ko CH, Yen JY et al. Multi-dimensional discriminative factors for Internet addiction among adolescents regarding gender and age. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009; 63(3): 357-364.
  • Ko CH, Yen JY, Chen CS et al. Psychiatric comorbidity of internet addiction in college students: An interview study. CNS Spectr 2014; 13(2): 147-153.
  • Weinstein A, Feder LC, Rosenberg KP, Dannon P. Internet addiction disorder: Overview and controversies. Rosenberg KP, Feder LC (editors). Behavioral Addictions: Criteria, Evidence, and Treatment. New York: Academic Press, 2014: 99-117.
  • Bernardi S, Pallanti S. Internet addiction: A descriptive clinical study focusing on comorbidities and dissociative symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 2009; 50(6): 510-516.
  • De Berardis D, D’Albenzio A, Gambi F et al. Alexithymia and its relationships with dissociative experiences and internet addiction in a nonclinical sample. Cyberpsychol Behav 2009; 12(1): 67-69.
  • Weinstein A, Lejoyeux M. Internet addiction or excessive internet use. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2010; 36(5): 277-283.
  • Young KS. Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. VandeCreek L, Jackson TL (Editors) Innovations in Clinical Practice Volume 17. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press, 1999.
  • Han DH, Renshaw PF. Bupropion in the treatment of problematic online game play in patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26(5): 689–696.
  • Lee YS, Han DH, Yang KC, et al. Depression like characteristics of 5HTTLPR polymorphism and temperament in excessive internet users. J Affect Disord 2008; 109(1–2): 165–169.
  • Bostwick JM, Bucci JA. Internet sex addiction treated with naltrexone. Mayo Clin Proc 2008; 83(2): 226–230.
  • Kim JU. The effect of a R/T group counseling program on the Internet addiction level and self-esteem of Internet addiction university students. International Journal of Reality Therapy 2008; 27(2): 4-12.
  • Robinovitz S, Nagar M. Possible end to an endless quest? Cognitive bias modification for excessive multiplayer online gamers. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2015; 18(10): 581-587.
  • Zhang JT, Yao YW, Potenza MN et al. Effects of craving behavioral intervention on neural substrates of cue-induced craving in Internet gaming disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12: 591-599.
  • Zhang JT, Yao YW, Potenza MN et al. Altered resting-state neural activity and changes following a craving behavioral intervention for Internet gaming disorder. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 28109.
  • Zhong X, Zu S, Sha S et al. The effect of a family-based intervention model on internet-addicted Chinese adolescents. Soc Behav Pers 2011; 39(8): 1021-1034.
  • Li W, Garland EL, McGovern P et al. Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for internet gaming disorder in U.S. adults: A stage I randomized controlled trial. Psychol Addict Behav 2017; 31(4): 393-402.
  • Xu LX, Wu LL, Geng XM et al. A review of psychological interventions for internet addiction. Psychiatry Res 2021; 302: 114016.
  • Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF, Emery G. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford Press, 1979.
  • Türkçapar H. Bilişsel Terapi: Temel İlkeler ve Uygulama. Ankara: HYB Yayıncılık, 2008.
  • Rose SD. Group therapy: A cognitive-behavioral approach. Price J, Hescheles D, Price A (editors). A Guide to Starting Psychotherapy Groups. Academic Press, 1999: 99–113.
  • Sütçü ST. Bilişsel davranışçı grup terapileri. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2015; 8(Suppl 1): 1–2.
  • Feng CY, Chu H, Chen CH et al. The effect of cognitive behavioral group therapy for depression: A meta-analysis 2000–2010. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2011; 9(1): 2-17.
  • Heimberg RG, Dodge CS, Hope DA et al. Cognitive behavioral group treatment for social phobia: Comparison with a credible placebo control. Cognit Ther Res 1990; 14(1): 1-23.
  • Agbaria Q. Cognitive behavioral intervention in dealing with internet addiction among Arab teenagers in Israel. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; doi: 10.1007/s11469-021-00733-6.
  • Alavi SS, Ghanizadeh M, Mohammadi MR, et al. The effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for reducing symptoms of internet addiction disorder and promoting quality of life and mental health. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2021; 43(1): 47–56.
  • Du YS, Jiang W, Vance A. Longer term effect of randomized, controlled group cognitive behavioral therapy for internet addiction in adolescent students in Shanghai. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2010; 44(2): 129–134.
  • Zeidi IM, Divsalar S, Morshedi H, Alizadeh H. The effectiveness of group cognitive‑behavioral therapy on general self‑efficacy, self‑control, and internet addiction prevalence among medical university students. Social Health and Behavior 2020; 3(3): 93–102.
  • Balta Ö, Horzum MB. İnternet bağımlılığı testi. Eğitim Bilimleri ve Uygulama 2008; 7(13): 87–102.
  • Bong SH, Won GH, Choi TY. Effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy-based music therapy in Korean adolescents with smartphone and internet addiction. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18(2): 110–117.
  • Kim SH, Yim HW, Jo SJ, et al. The effects of group cognitive behavioral therapy on the improvement of depression and anxiety in adolescents with problematic internet use. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2018; 29(2): 73–79.
  • Nichols LA, Nicki R. Development of a psychometrically sound internet addiction scale: A preliminary step. Psychol Addict Behav 2004; 18(4): 381–384.
  • Meerkerk GJ, Van Den Eijnden R, Vermulst AA, Garretsen HFL. The Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS): some psychometric properties. Cyberpsychol Behav 2009; 12(1): 1–6.
  • Kayri M, Günüç S. İnternet bağımlılık ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 2009; 42(1): 157–175.
  • Kim K, Ryu E, Chon MY, et al. Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2006; 43(2): 185–192.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. Davranışsal Bağımlılıklarda Danışmanlık Rehber Kitabı. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığüı Genel Müdürlüğü Ruh Sağlığı Daire Başkanlığı, 2021.
  • Gozen D, Kurt AS, Canbulat N. The current health problem: Internet addiction in children. Bağımlılık Dergisi 2014; 15(1): 34-39.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikolojide Davranış-Kişilik Değerlendirmesi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Nilgün Küçükkaraca 0000-0002-4344-1258

Halil Pak 0000-0002-8248-9158

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 20 Nisan 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

AMA Küçükkaraca N, Pak H. İnternet Bağımlılığı Tedavisinde Bilişsel Davranışçı Grup Terapileri. Bağımlılık Dergisi. Aralık 2023;24(4):528-538. doi:10.51982/bagimli.1257407

Bağımlılık Dergisi - Journal of Dependence