Latest Developments and Current Methods in Grapevine Breeding

Abstract

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera) is one of the most widespread and economically cultivated perennial fruit crops in the world. The knowledge of the beneficial effects of grapevine products on human health has led to a steady increase in vineyards around the world. In response to changing environmental conditions and market demands, the sustainability of grapes in the marketplace has been ensured by developing new varieties in the evolving viticulture sector over the years. In this context, developments in biotechnology and genetic engineering have emerged as effective tools to enhance grape productivity and quality. Integrating the methods provided by genetic science into the traditional grapevine breeding process allows for the improvement of fruit quality and the faster development of grapevine varieties resistant to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The aim of this review is to provide a perspective on the processes and important methods used in grapevine breeding from the past to the present and to identify the potential of new technologies to improve grape genetics.

Keywords

• Grapevine
• grapevine breeding methods
• QTL (quantitative character loci)
• genomic selection
• marker assisted selection

Asma Islahında Son Gelişmeler ve Güncel Metotlar

Öz

Asma (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera), dünya genelinde en yaygın ve ekonomik olarak yetiştiriciliği yapılan çok yıllık meyve türlerinden biridir. Asma ürünlerinin insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinin bilinmesiyle, dünyadaki bağ alanlarında istikrarlı bir artış görülmüştür. Değişen çevresel koşullar ve pazar talepleri doğrultusunda yıllar içinde değişen bağcılık sektöründe yeni çeşitlerin geliştirilmesiyle üzümün pazardaki sürdürülebilirliği sağlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, biyoteknoloji ve genetik mühendisliği alanındaki gelişmeler üzüm verimliliğini ve kalitesini arttırmada etkili bir araç olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Genetik biliminin sağlamış olduğu metotları klasik asma ıslahı sürecine dâhil etmek, meyve kalitesinin arttırılması, biyotik ve abiyotik stres şartlarına karşı dayanıklı asma türlerinin daha hızlı geliştirilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, asma ıslahında geçmişten günümüze kadar olan süreçler ve kullanılan önemli metotlar ile ilgili bir perspektif sunmak ve yeni teknolojilerin asma genetiğinin iyileştirilmesi potansiyeli hakkında bilgi vermektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asma
• asma ıslah metotları
• QTL (kantitatif karakter lokus)
• genomik seleksiyon
• markör destekli seleksiyon

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