Electrical Conductivity Relates Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence in Tagetes Seed Lots

Abstract

In this study, we tested whether electrical conductivity of solute leakage was related to seed germination, mean germination time, 24th hour seed germination, seedling emergence percentage, mean emergence time and seedling dry weight in nine different tagetes seed lots. Normal seed germination percentages of seed lots ranged between 55 and 96 %, and electrical conductivity values were between 151 and 770 µScm⁻¹g⁻¹. Seedling emergence ranged between 68 and 95 %, mean emergence time was 3.9 to 5.1 days, and seedling dry weight 3.1-8.1 g/plant. Electrical conductivity was significantly related to normal germination (R²=0.64, p<0.01), 24 h radicle emergence (R²=0.90, p<0.001), mean germination time (R²=0.92, p<0.001), seedling emergence percentage (R²=0.86, p<0.001), mean emergence time (R²=0.87, p<0.001) and seedling dry weight (R²=0.67, p<0.05). Results indicated that electrical conductivity is a potential seed quality test for tagetes seeds.

Keywords

• Flower seeds
• Electrical Conductivity
• Seed Quality
• marigold

Kadife Çiçeği Tohumlarında Elektriksel İletkenliğin Tohum Çimlenmesi ve Fide Çıkışı ile İlişkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada elektriksel iletkenlik testinin kadife çiçeği tohumlarında toplam, normal tohum çimlenmesi, ortalama çimlenme zamanı, 24 saat kökçük çıkışı fide çıkış oranı fide çıkış zamanı ve fide yaş ağırlığı ile ilişkilendirebileceği araştırılmıştır. Toplam çimlenme %96’dan yüksek, normal çimlenme %55 ve 96 arasında, Eİ değerleri 151 ve 770 µScm⁻¹g⁻¹ arasında oluşmuştur. Fide çıkış oranı %68 ve 95 arasında, ortalama çıkış zamanı ise 3.9 ile 5.1 gün arasında, fide kuru ağırlığı da 3.1 ile 8.1 g/bitki arasında değişmiştir. Elektriksel iletkenlik toplam çimlenme (R²=0.89, p<0.001), normal çimlenme (R²=0.64, p<0.01), 24 saat kökçük çıkışı (R²=0.90, p<0.001), ortalama çimlenme zamanı (R²=0.92, p<0.001) değerleri ile anlamlı bir ilişki göstermiştir. Fide çıkış oranı (R²=0.86, p<0.001), ortalama çıkış zamanı (R²=0.87, p<0.001), fide kuru ağırlığı (R²=0.67, p<0.05) ile de Eİ değerlerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde ilişkili olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çiçek Tohumları
• Elektriksel İletkenlik
• Kadife Çiçeği
• Tohum Kalitesi

Kaynakça

1. Matthews, S., Powell, A.A. 2006. Electrical conductivity vigour test: Physiological basis and use. Seed Testing International, 131, 32-35.
2. Marin, M., Laverack, G., Powell, A.A., Matthews, S. 2018. Potential of the electrical conductivity of seed soak water and early counts of radicle emergence to assess seed quality in some native species. Seed Science and Technology 46(1):71-86.
3. Mirdad, Z., Powell, A.A., Matthews, S. 2006. Prediction of germination in artificially aged seeds of Brassica spp. using the bulk conductivity test. Seed Science and Technology, 34, 273-286.
4. Demir, I., Mavi, K., Kenanoglu, B.B., Matthews, S. 2008. Prediction of germination and vigour in naturally aged commercially available seed lots of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) using the bulk conductivity method. Seed Science and Technology 36, 509-523.
5. Mavi, K., Powell, A.A., Matthews, S. 2016. Rate of radicle emergence and leakage of electrolytes provide quick predictions of percentages of percentage of normal seedlings in standard germination tests of radish (Raphanus sativus). Seed Science and Technology, 44, 393-409.
6. Demir, I., Kenanoglu, B.B., Ozden, E. 2019. Seed vigour tests to estimate seedling emergence in cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed lots. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 47(3):881-886.
7. Ilbi, H., Powell, A.A., Alan, O. 2020. Single radicle emergence counts for predicting vigor of marigold (Tagetes spp.) seed lots. Seed Science and Technology, 48, 381-389.
8. Ryan, N., Laverack, G., Powell, A. 2008. Establishing quality control in UK wildflower seed production. Seed Testing International 135:49-53.

9. Gibson-Roy, P., Delpratt, J., Moore, G. 2007. Restoring the Victorian Western (Basalt) Plains grassland. 1. Laboratory trials of viability and germination, and the implication for direct seeding. Ecological Management and Restoration, 8, 114-122.
10. Marin, M., Toorop, P., Powell, A.A., Laverack, G. 2017. Tetrazolium staining predicts germination of commercial seed lots of European native species differing in seed quality. Seed Science and Technology, 45, 151-166.
11. Khajeh-Hosseini, M, Nasehzadeh, M., Matthews, S. 2010. Rate of physiological germination relates to the percentage of normal seedlings in standard germination tests of naturally aged lots of oilseed rape. Seed Science and Technology 38, 602-611.
12. Demir, I., Cebeci, C., Guloksuz, T. 2012. Electrical conductivity measurements to predict germination of commercially available radish seed lots. Seed Science and Technology, 40, 229-237.
13. Matthews, S., Demir, I., Celikkol, T., Kenanoglu, B.B., Mavi, K. 2009. Vigour tests for cabbage seeds using electrical conductivity and controlled deterioration to estimate relative emergence in transplant modules. Seed Science and Technology 37, 736-746.
14. Mavi, K., Mavi, F., Demir, I., Matthews, S. 2014. Electrical conductivity of seed soak water predicts seedling emergence and seed storage potential in commercial seed lots of radish. Seed Science and Technology, 42, 76-86.
15. McDonald, M.B. 1999. Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Science and Technology, 27, 177-237.
16. Matthews, S., Khajeh-Hosseini, M. 2007. Length of the lag period of germination and metabolic repair explain vigour differences in seed lots of maize (Zea mays L.). Seed Science and Technology, 35, 200-212.
17. Powell, A.A., Matthews, S. 2012. Seed ageing/ repair hypothesis leads to new testing methods. Seed Technology, 34, 15-25.
18. Powell, A.A., Matthews, S. 1977. The deterioration of pea seeds in humid or dry storage. Journal of Experimental Botany, 28, 225-234.
19. Guloksuz, T., Demir, I. 2012. Vigor tests in geranium, salvia, gazania and impatiens seed lots to estimate seedling emergence potential in modules. Propagation of Ornamental Plants, 12, 133-138.
20. ISTA 2020. International Rules for Seed Testing, Edition International Seed Testing Association, Welliselen, Switzerland.