Wind Damage to Trees in the Open Spaces and Green Areas of Bursa City: Solutions and Recommendations

Abstract

Due to its geographical location, Bursa and many other cities are prone to strong winds, such as the "lodos", which cause trees to break and fall. This situation leads to loss of life and assets. In addition to the physical and physiological damage to the trees, these incidents also create legal issues for technical teams and municipalities. However, although such events are considered natural disasters, damages can be minimized with effective preventive measures. The most important factors that help trees stand upright are strong root systems and sturdy trunks. However, factors that affect root structure and problems occurring in thick branches can cause breakage and falling. Soil conditions, surface root formation, root decay, improper pruning, decay due to physical interventions, and imbalanced crown development are the most common causes of breakage and falling. This study examines the tree breakage that occurred after a strong lodos disaster in Bursa and investigates the reasons behind it. As a result of the study, it has been determined that mistakes such as soil excavation for infrastructure works, planting, irrigation, and pruning have serious consequences in landscape areas. Considering that these incidents put human life at risk, measures to minimize damage have been identified. Planting in the right location, choosing the right tree species for ecology, adequate root development area, correct pruning, and adequate care for healthy development are critical measures to be taken to reduce wind damage.

Keywords

• Tipping over
• breaking
• landscape areas
• wind damages

Bursa Şehrinde Açık ve Yeşil Alanlardaki Ağaçların Rüzgâr Hasarı ve Çözüm Önerileri

Öz

Coğrafi konumu nedeniyle Bursa başta olmak üzere birçok kentte, lodos ve diğer güçlü rüzgârlar ağaçların kırılmasına ve devrilmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu durum can ve mal kaybına yol açmaktadır. Ağaçlarda fiziksel ve fizyolojik zararlarının yanı sıra, bu olaylar teknik ekipleri ve belediyeleri yasal süreçlerle uğraştırmaktadır. Ancak, bu tür olaylar doğal afet olarak kabul edilse de etkili önlemler alındığında zararlar azaltılabilir. Ağaçların ayakta kalmasını sağlayan en önemli faktörler, sağlam kök sistemleri ve güçlü gövdeleridir. Ancak, kök yapısını etkileyen faktörler ve kalın dallarda oluşan sorunlar kırılmalara ve devrilmelere neden olmaktadır. Toprak koşulları, yüzeysel kök oluşumu, kök sisteminde çürümeler, hatalı budamalar, fiziksel müdahalelere bağlı çürümeler ve dengesiz taç gelişimi en sık karşılaşılan kırılma ve devrilme nedenleridir. Bu çalışma Bursa’da yaşanan güçlü lodos afeti sonrasında meydana gelen ağaç kırılmalarını ve devrilmelerini incelemekte ve sebeplerini araştırmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda, özellikle altyapı çalışmaları için yapılan toprak kazıları, dikim, sulama ve budama gibi hataların peyzaj alanlarında ciddi sonuçlara yol açtığı belirlenmiştir. Bu olayların insan yaşamını riske attığı göz önüne alındığında, daha az zararın meydana gelmesi için alınması gereken önlemler belirlenmiştir. Doğru konuma dikim, ekoloji için doğru ağaç türünün seçilmesi, yeterli kök gelişim alanı, doğru budama, sağlıklı gelişim için yeterli bakım rüzgâr hasarını azaltmak için alınacak kritik önlemlerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Devrilme
• Kırılma
• Peyzaj alanları
• Rüzgar zararları

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