Lamiaceae Familyasına Ait Bazı Medikal Bitkilerin Bakteriyel Balık Patojenlerine Karşı Anti-Virülans Potansiyeli

Öz

Bitki özleri, geleneksel tıpta yıllardır yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Lamiaceae familyası, tıp, gıda, ilaç endüstrisinde kullanılan aromatik bitkileri içerir. Bu türler gıda olarak tüketilirken, aromatik özellikleriyle de geleneksel tıbbın vazgeçilmez parçası olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Sağlık ve endüstriyel ürünlerde GRAS (Güvenli) kabul edilen Lamiaceae türleri ekonomik botanik açısından da önemlidir. İzmir kekiği (Origanum onites), Anadolu adaçayı (Salvia fruticosa), Mercanköşk (Origanum majorana) gibi Lamiaceae bitkilerinin güçlü bakterisidal, antifungal özellikleri bilinirken, bu bitkilerden sağlanan yağ ve hidrosol formdaki ekstraktların anti-biyofilm, antiquorum sensing özellikleri dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışmada bu ekstraktların; kimyasal içerik analizleri, bakteriyel virülansın temelini oluşturan Quorum sensing (QS) ve biyofilm aktivitelerinin inhibisyonuna odaklanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak İzmir kekiği, Anadolu adaçayı ve Mercanköşk bitki ekstraktlarının hidrosol formlarına karşı Vibrio spp.’nin dirençli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Vibrio spp.’ye karşı en etkili formun İzmir kekiği ve mercanköşk yağ ekstraktı olduğu ortaya konmuş ve ½ MIC (Subletal) konsantrasyonunda biyofilm inhibisyonu %85 tespit edilmiştir. İzmir Kekiği ve Mercanköşk’ün çalışmadaki tüm Vibrio türleri üzerinde antimikrobiyal, anti-biyofilm etkisi gösterirken ayrıca AHL biyosensör suşu CV026’da QS mekanizmasını inhibe etmiştir. Akuakültür çiftliklerinde toplu balık ölümleriyle ilişkilendirilen Vibrio spp. patojen suşlarıyla mücadelede doğal bir yaklaşım olarak bitki ekstraktlarının etkinliği gösterilmiştir. Bulgular bu yaklaşımın antimikrobiyallere dirençli balık patojenlerine yönelik, bitkisel ekstraktların kemoterapötiklere alternatif tedavi edici araçlar olarak kullanılmasını desteklemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antimikrobiyal Direnç
• Anti-Quorum Sensing
• Biyoçeşitlilik
• Vibriosis

Anti-Virulence Potential of Some Medicinal Plants from the Lamiaceae Family Against Bacterial Fish Pathogens

Abstract

Plant extracts have been widely used in traditional medicine for centuries. The Lamiaceae family, including plants such as Turkish oregano (Origanum onites), Anatolian sage (Salvia fruticosa), and marjoram (Origanum majorana), is highly valued for its antimicrobial properties. These plants are recognized as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) and are significant in the food, pharmaceutical, and healthcare industries. Their strong bactericidal, antifungal, anti-biofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities make them notable for both traditional and modern applications. This study investigated the chemical composition of the extracts derived from Turkish oregano, Anatolian sage, and marjoram, focusing on their effects against Vibrio spp., a major pathogen in aquaculture. Results showed that while Vibrio spp. were resistant to the hydrosol forms, the oil extracts of Turkish oregano and marjoram exhibited strong antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity. Biofilm inhibition reached up to 85% at sublethal concentrations, and quorum sensing (QS) inhibition was observed in the AHL biosensor strain CV026. The findings suggest that these plant extracts, particularly in oil form, could serve as effective alternatives to traditional chemotherapeutics for managing Vibrio spp. infections in aquaculture. This approach offers a natural, sustainable solution to combat antimicrobial resistance in fish pathogens.

Keywords

• Antimicrobial Resistance
• Anti-Quorum Sensing
• Bio-diversity Vibriosis

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