Effect of Some Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria on the Development of White Dynasty Tulip (Tulipa L.) Variety

Öz

In this study, the effects of specific and beneficial bacterial strains on the development and flowering of White dynasty tulip variety were investigated. In vitro siderophore activity, IAA production, ACC deamylase activity and phosphatase activity tests were performed on 117 candidate beneficial bacterial isolates with endophytic character belonging to the culture collection of Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Department Bacteriology Laboratory. The most successful four beneficial bacteria were selected to be applied on plants by the weighted ranking method based on the results of in vitro PGPB tests. OD 600 = 0.1 (~1×10⁸ cfu/ml) suspensions of bacteria were applied to the plant roots as 5 ml by drinking. The study was established under laboratory conditions according to the randomized plot design with 3 replications and 3 plants in each replication. The number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, plant height, flower length, flower width and stem thickness of tulips were examined. As a result of the study, the highest leaf number, the longest plant height, the highest leaf length, and the largest leaf width were obtained from the 213 numbered bacteria application; the highest flower length and the largest flower diameter were obtained from the control application. In the study conducted, it was observed that the bacteria application of the original isolate numbered 213 had a more positive effect than the other applications in terms of the parameters examined for tulip cultivation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Flowering
• PGPB
• Tulipa. sp. L.

Bitki Gelişimini Teşvik Eden Bazı Bakterilerin White Dynasty Lale (Tulipa sp. L.) Çeşidinin Gelişimine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada White dynasty lale çeşidine, özgün ve yararlı bakteri ırklarının gelişim ve çiçeklenme üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Bakteriyoloji Laboratuvarı kültür koleksiyonuna ait endofitik karakterli olan 117 adet aday yararlı bakteri izolatı in vitro olarak siderofor aktivitesi, IAA üretimi, ACC deamilaz aktivitesi ve Fosfataz Aktivitesi testleri yapılmıştır. In vitro PGPR testlerinin sonucuna üzerinden yapılan tartılı derecelendirme metodu ile en başarılı dört yararlı bakteri bitkiler üzerinde uygulanmak üzere seçilmiştir. Bakterilerin OD 600 = 0.1 (~1×10⁸ cfu/ml) yoğunluğundaki süspansiyonları 5 ml olarak içirme şeklinde bitki köklerine uygulanmıştır. Çalışma, tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü ve her tekerrürde 3 adet bitki olacak şekilde laboratuvar koşullarında kurulmuştur. Lalelerin yaprak sayısı, yaprak uzunluğu, yaprak genişliği, bitki boyu, çiçek boyu, çiçek genişliği ve sap kalınlığı incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda en yüksek yaprak sayısı, en uzun bitki boyu, en yüksek yaprak uzunluğu, en fazla yaprak genişliği 213 numaralı bakteri uygulamasından; en yüksek çiçek boyunun ve en geniş çiçek çapı kontrol uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Yürütülen çalışmada lale yetiştiriciliği için incelenen parametreler bakımından 213 no.lu özgün izolatına ait bakteri uygulamasının diğer uygulamalara nazaran daha fazla olumlu etki oluşturduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çiçeklenme
• PGPB
• Tulipa. sp. L.

Kaynakça

1. Van Raamsdonk, L.W.D., De Vries, T. 1995. Species relationships and taxonomy in Tulipa subgenus Tulipa (Liliaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 195:13-44.
2. VanTuyl, J.M., Van Creij, M.G.M. 2004. Tulip. BU Biodiversity and Breeding, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
3. İzgi Saraç, Y., Baklaya, A., Deligöz, I. 2021. Süs bitkileri ıslahı. S. Kazaz, YY. Mendi (ed). Süs Bitkileri Islahı Kitabı, Türler. Gece Yayınları, Ankara, 9:377-418.
4. Lim, K.B., Van Tuyl, J.M., 2006. Lily: Lilium hybrids. Flower breeding and genetics: issues, challenges and opportunities for the 21st century, 517-537.
5. Benschop, M., Kamenetsky, R., Nard, M.L., Okubo, H., De Hertogh, A. 2010. The global flower bulb industry: production, utilization, research. Horticultural Reviews 36:1-115.
6. TÜİK, 2022. Süs bitkileri üretim envanteri. www.tuik.gov.tr.
7. Boyacı, S. 1998. Laleler Anadolu’nun dünyaya armağanı. Skylife Türk Hava Yolları Dergisi, Haziran.
8. Van Gelder, K. 2021. https://www.statista.com/ statistics/641905/total-area-used-forproduction-of-tulip-bulbs-in-the-netherlands.

9. De Souza, R., Ambrosini, A., Passaglia, L.M.P. 2015. Plant growth promoting bacteria as inoculants in agricultural soils, Genetics and Molecular Biology 38(4):401-419.
10. Kloepper, J.W., Rodriguez-Kabanaa, R., Zehnder, G.W., Murphya, J.F., Sikora, E., Fernandez, C. 1999. Plant root-bacterial interactions in biological control of soilborne diseases and potential extension to systemic and foliar diseases. Australasian Plant Pathology 28:21-26.
11. Brown, M. 1974, Seed and root bacterization. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 12:181-197.
12. Tien, T.M., Gaskins, M.H., Hubell, D.H. 1979. Plant growth substances produced by Azospirillum brasilense and their effect on the growth of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L.). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37:1016-1024.
13. Barbieri, P., Zannelli, T., Galli, E., Zanetti, G. 1986. Wheat inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense Sp6 and some mutants altered in nitrogen fixation and indole-3-acetic acid production. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 36:87-90.
14. Jacobson, C.B., Pasternak, J.J., Glick, B.R. 1994. Partial purification and characterization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase from the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2. Can. J. Microbiol. 40:1019-1025.
15. Holland, M.A. 1997. Occam’s razor applied to hormonology: are cytokinin’s produced by plants? Plant Physiol. 115:865-868.
16. Lazarovits, G., Nowak, J. 1997. Rhizobacteria for improvement of plant growth and establishment. Hortscience 32:188-192.
17. Lee, S., Flores-Encarnacion, M., Contreras-Zentella, M., Garcia-Flores, L., Escamilla, J.E., Kenned, C. 2004. Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis is deficient in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strains with mutations in cytochrome C biogenesis genes. J. Bacteriol 186:5384-5391.
18. Davison, J. 1988. Plant beneficial bacteria. Bio-Technology 6:282-286.
19. Murty, M.G., Ladha, J.K. 1988, Influence of Azospirillum inoculation on the mineral uptake and growth of rice under hydroponic conditions. Plant Soil 108:281-285.
20. Costa, J.M., Loper, J.E. 1994. Characterization of siderophore production by the biological-control agent Enterobacter cloacae. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact 7:440-448.
21. Verma, S.C., Ladha, J.K., Tripathi, A.K. 2001. Evaluation of plant growth promoting and colonization ability of endophytic diazotrophs from deep water rice. J. Biotechnol. 91:127-141.
22. Wakelin, S., Warren, R., Harvey, P., Ryder, M. 2004. Phosphate solubilization by Penicillium spp. closely associated with wheat roots. Bio Fert. Soils 40:36-43.
23. Fredrickson, J.K., Elliott, L.F. 1985, Effects on winter wheat seedling growth by toxin producing rhizobacteria. Plant Soil. 83:399-409.
24. Gagné, S., Richard, C., Antoun, H. 1989. Pouvoir pathogène des bactéries endo racinaires de la luzerne. Can J. Plant Pathol. 11:22-27.
25. Xu, H., Griffith, M., Patten, C.L., and Glick, B.R. 1998. Isolation of an antifreeze protein with ice nucleation activity from the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12-2. Can. J. Microbiol. 44:64-73.
26. Schippers, B., Bakker, A.W., Bakker, P.A.H.M. 1990. Beneficial and deleterious effects of HCN-producing pseudomonads on rhizosphere interactions. Plant Soil 129:75-83.
27. Pirttila, A., Joensuu, P., Pospiech, H., Jalonen, J., Hohtola, A. 2004. Bud endophytes of Scots pine produce adenine derivatives and other compounds that affect morphology and mitigate browning of callus cultures. Physiol Plant. 121:305-312.
28. Compant, S., Clément, C. and Sessitsch, A. 2010. Plant growth-promoting bacteria in the rhizo- and endosphere of plants: their role, colonization, mechanisms involved and prospects for utilization. Soil Biol. Biochem. 42:669-678.
29. Bintaş, P.A., Çığ, A., Türkoğlu, N. 2021. Some phenological and morphological properties of Hyacinthus orientalis cv. "Delft Blue" with treated bacterial inoculations. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 30(2).