Giresun Tombul Fındık Çeşidinde Gübrelemenin Verim ve Meyvede Bazı Kalite Özelliklerine Etkisi Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Öz
Verim çağma girmiş Giresun Tombul Fındık çeşidinde gübrelemenin verim ve meyvede bazı kalite özelliklerine etkisini saptamak amacıyla 1970-1973 yıllarında tarla denemesi kurulmuştur. Deneme toprağı, gri kahve podzolik, killi, hafif asit reaksiyonlu %CaCo₃ kapsamı eseri, organik madde kapsamı orta, alınabilir fosfor kapsamı çok az, potasyumca çok zengindir. Gübre muamelelerinin verime etkisi 1971 yılında istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmamış 1972 ve 1973 yıllarında istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Üç yıllık sonuçlara göre kontrole oranla verimde en yüksek artış N₁P₁K₁ muamelesinden sağlanmıştır. Bu muamelenin etkisiyle verimde kontrole oranla 1971’de %6.3, 1972’de %63.9 ve 1973’de %99.8 oranlarında artış sağlanmıştır. Yaprağın azot kapsamı ile verim arasındaki ilişkilerde en yüksek verim, yaprağın azot kapsamı %2.41-2.50 arasında olduğu zaman elde edilmiştir. Yarağın fosfor ve potasyum kapsamı ile verim arasındaki ilişki istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmamıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, deneme koşullarında. Tombul fındık için en uygun gübre muamelesinin N₁P₁K₁ (200 g N, 300 g P₂O₅ ve 750 g K₂O/Ocak) olduğu söylenebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
A Research On The Effects Of Fertilization On Yield And Some Firth Quality Of Giresun Tombul Hazelnut
Abstract
The aim of this investigations was to find out the effects of the fertilization on the yield and some fruit quality of hazelnut. For this purpose, 4×2×3 factorial field experiment was carried out in randomized block design with 5 replications. Each experimental plot consisted of a single Ocak with 8 suchers. In the field experiment, 4 levels of nitrogen (N=Control, N₁=200 g, N₂=400 g and N₃=600 g per/ocak) 2 levels of phosphorus (P₀=Control, P₁=300 g/ocak) and 3 levels of potassium (K₀=Control, K₁=750 g and K₂=1500 g/ocak) were used. The results of soil analyses indicated that the grey brownish podzolic soil was clay in texture, the pH of the soil was slightly acid, CaCo₃ content was very low, organic matter content was medium at depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm and decreasing thereafter, available phosphorus was very low and available potassium was fairly high at 0-20 cm and medium at greater depths, C.E.C. and phosphorus fixation capacities were quite high at all depths. The results obtained from the experiment which continued for three years starting us 1971 can be summarized as follows: 1. The effects of N₁P₁K₁ and their combinations on yield: The effect of nitrogen on yield was statistically non-significant in 1971 but was highly significant (1%) in 1972 and 1973. But according to the Duncan’s multiple range test, there were no significant differences among the N₁, N₂ an N₃ levels of nitrogen. The phosphorus effect on yield was statistically non-significant in 1971 and in 1972, but was highly significant in 1973. The effect of potassium on yield was found to be statistically significant (5%) only in 1971. Different combinations of N, P, K generally decreased the yield in 1971 but generally increased in 1972 and 1973. The combinations giving the highest increase in the yield were N₁P₁K₁ (20.9%) and N₁P₀K₀ (6.3%) in 1971; N₁P₁K₁ (63.9%) and N₂P₀K₀ (63.1%) in 1972; N₃P₁K₀ (102.1%) and N₁P₁K₁ (99.8%) in 1973. The different combination N, P and K effects on yield were nonsignificant in 1971 but was highly significant in the subsequent two years. 2. Correlations between the yield and N, P, K contents of leaves. The highest yield was obtained when the nitrogen content of leaves ranged between 2.41-2.50%and the correlation between the yield and nitrogen content was found to be statistically significant at 5%level (r=0.489) in 1971, at 5%level (r=0.471) in 1972 and at 1%level (r=0.722) in 1973. The deficiency symptoms were observed when nitrogen content was below 2%. The correlations between and K contents of the leaves and the yield wasn’t found to be statistically significant. 3. Different N, P and K combination on nut quality. Different N, P and K combinations on kernel percentage, nut size and shell thickness were minimal and statistically non-significant. The effects of the N,P and K combinations on the crude protein, was found statistically highly significant and the crude protein content increased with the increasing levels of the nitrogen. The combinations N, P, K, affected the crude oil content negatively but this was not statistically significant. Based on the results of these experiments, under the condition specified, it appears that N₁P₁K₁ is the most effective treatment for increased production.
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