Farklı Sulama Seviyeleri Altında Yetiştirilen Dolmalık Biberin Yaprak Alanının Tahmininde Makine Öğrenmesi Yaklaşımlarının Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Yaprak Alanı (LA), bitki gelişiminin izlenmesi ve bitki su tüketimi tahmini için oldukça önemli bir parametredir. Bu çalışmada, dolmalık biberin LA değerlerini farklı makine öğrenmesi (ML) modelleri ile tahmin etmek ve farklı sulama düzeylerinin model performansına etkisini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. ML algoritmaları olarak Rastgele Orman (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), En Yakın Komşular (KNN) ve Çok Katmanlı Algılayıcı (MLP) kullanılmıştır. Geniş bir veri seti elde edebilmek için, dört farklı sulama düzeyinde yetiştirilen dolmalık biberin yaprak alanı değerlerinden yararlanılmış ve bu kapsamda 2 yıllık bir tarla denemesi yürütülmüştür. Birinci yıl (2017) elde edilen yaprak alanı değerleri (6757 örnek) model eğitiminde, ikinci yıl (2018) elde edilen değerler ise (6128 örnek) test verisi olarak kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, kullanılan ML algoritmaları arasında en yüksek performansı MLP (R²=0.90, RMSE=0.20 cm² ve MAE=0.15 cm²) sergilerken; en düşük performans XGBoost (R²=0.90, RMSE=0.20 cm² ve MAE=0.15 cm²) tarafından gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca, farklı sulama düzeylerinden elde edilen yaprak alanı değerleri ayrı ayrı değerlendirildiğinde benzer performansların elde edildiği görülmüştür. Sonuçlar, ML yöntemlerinin yaprak alanını geleneksel yöntemlere alternatif olarak hızlı ve doğru şekilde tahmin edebildiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaprak Alan İndeksi
• Makine Öğrenmesi
• Dolmalık Biber
• Sulama
• MLP

Estimating Bell Pepper Leaf Area: A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Models Under Varying Irrigation Levels

Abstract

Leaf Area (LA) is a critical parameter for crop monitoring and evapotranspiration estimation. This study aimed to estimate bell pepper LA values using different machine learning (ML) models and to evaluate the effect of different irrigation levels on model performance. Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) were used as ML algorithms. In order to obtain a large data set, the LA values of bell pepper grown at four different irrigation levels were used. In this context, a 2-year field trial was conducted. LA values from the first year (2017) were used in the training of the models (6757 samples), while LA values from the second year (2018) (6128 samples) were used as test data. According to the results of this study, MLP (R2=0.9, RMSE=0.2 cm2 and MAE=0.15 cm2) showed the highest performance among used ML algorithms, while XGBoost (R2=0.9, RMSE=0.2 cm2 and MAE=0.15 cm2) showed the lowest performance. Moreover, similar performances were obtained when LA values obtained from different irrigation levels were evaluated separately. The results show that ML methods can estimate LA quickly and accurately as an alternative to traditional methods.

Keywords

• Leaf Area Estimation
• Machine Learning
• Bell Pepper
• Irrigation
• MLP

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