Bazı Önemli Şeftali Çeşitlerinin Hasat Sonrası Fizyolojisi Üzerinde Araştırmalar-1 (Red Globe)

Öz

Yalova Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsünde iki yıl süreyle yürütülen bu çalışmada Yalova ve Bursa yörelerinde yetiştirilen Red Globe şeftali çeşidinin derim olumu, depolama süresi ve düşük saklama sıcaklıklarında meyvelerde gözlenen fizyolojik kökenli bozukluklar üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Meyvelerin derim olumlarının saptanmasında meyve iriliği, zemin rengi, meyve eti sertliği, suda çözünür kuru madde içerikleri, meyve eti sertliği ile suda çözünür kuru madde kombinasyonu, olgunlaşma süresi, titre edilebilir toplam asitlik ve solunum klimakteriği üzerinde çalışılmış ve incelenen bu olgunluk ölçütleri içinde uygulama bakımından en güvenli olanının suda çözünür kuru madde içerikleri ile meyve eti sertliği kombinasyonu olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Yapılan depolama testleriyle Red Globe çeşidinin oldukça dayanıksız bir şeftali olduğu belirlenmiş ve depolamayı sınırlayan en önemli etmenler özde bir fizyolojik bozukluk olan iç bozulması ile ağırlık kayıpları olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Şeftali
• Hasat Sonrası Fizyolojisi
• Red Globe

Studies on Postharvest Physiology of Some Important Peach Cultivars-1 (Red Globe)

Abstract

Two years of studies conducted at Yalova Horticultural Research Institute on Red Globe variety grown in Yalova and Bursa regions involved postharvest characteristics of the variety from the point of harvest, ripening and storage potentials. Among such parameters as fruit size, ground color flesh firmness, soluble solids, combination of flesh firmness and soluble solids, ripening period, titretable acidity and respiratory climacteric, the most reliable method on the determination of harvest maturity was found to be the combination of flesh firmness and soluble solids. Storage experiments indicated that Red Globe is not a long-storing peach variety and the most important factors limiting storage period are weight loss and the physiological disorder called "mealy breakdown".

Keywords

• Peach
• Postharvest Physiology
• Red Globe

Kaynakça

1. Ailen, F.W. 1932. Physical and chemical changes in the ripening of Decidious fruits. Hilgardia 6:381-441.
2. Anderson, E.R., R.W. Penney. 1975. Intermittent warming of peaches and nectarines stored in a controlled atmosphere or air. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 100:151-153.
3. Anonymous 1934. Handbook of United States standards for grading and marketing fresh fruits and vegetables. USDA Miscellaneous Pub. No:190, 68 p.
4. Batjer, L.P., G.C. Martin, 1965. The influence of night temperature on growth and development of Early Redhaven peaches. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 87:139-144.
5. Ben-Arie, Ruth., S. Lavee, S. Guclfat-Reich, 1970. Control of woolly breakdown of Elberta peaches in cold storage by intermittent exposure to room temperature. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 95:801-803.
6. Blanpied, G.D., E. Hansen, 1968. The effect of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ethylene on the ripening of pears at ambient temperatures. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 93:813-816.
7. Claypool, L.L. 1960. Maturity studies with freestone peach varieties. Report to California Fresh Advisory Board. Dept. of Pom. University of California, 24 p.
8. Claypool, L.L., 1961. Maturity studies with nectarines during the 1958 and 1959 seasons. Report to administrative committee. Univ. of Calif. Dept. of Pomology. 26 p.

9. Claypool, L.L., R.M. Keefer, 1941. A colorimetric method for CO₂ determination in respiration studies. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 40:177-186.
10. Coe, F.M. 1948. Peach harvesting studies. Utah Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 241, 60 p.
11. Doesburg, J.J. 1965. Pestic substances in fresh and preserved fruits and vegetables. Inst. For. Res. On Storage and Processing of Horticultural Preduce, Wageningen, The Netherlands 152 p.
12. Ertan, Ü., İ.S. Özelkök, K. Kaynaş, S. Demirören, 1984. Marmara Bölgesinin değişik yörelerinde yetiştirilen standart şeftali çeşitlerinin hasat sonrası fizyolojisi üzerinde araştırmalar-2 (Red Haven). Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü, Yalova, 138 s.
13. Fisher, D.W., J.E. Britton, 1950. Maturity and storage studies with peaches. Sci. Agr. 21:2-17.
14. Hall, G.E. 1974. Storage and market diseases of fruit. XXL Supplement to CSIRO Fd. Res Quarterly, 34(4):2.
15. Haller, H.M., C.C. Craft, 1984. Maturity indices for peaches USDA. Agr. Marketing Ser. Report No:310. 28 p.
16. Hardenburg, E.R., A.E. Matada, C.Y. Wang, 1990. The commercial storage of fruits, vegetables, and florist and nursery stocks. USDA. Agr. Res., Ser. Agr. Handbook No:66. 46 p.
17. Karaçalı, İ. 1990. Bahçe Ürünlerinin Muhafazası ve Pazarlanması. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No:494, İzmir. 413 s.
18. Knee, M., 1980. Physiological responses of apple fruits to oxygen concentrations. Ann. App. Biol. 96:243-253.
19. Lott, R.V. 1942. Effect of nitrate of soda on development of the Halehaven peach. 3. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 493. pp:321-384.
20. Moon, H.H., C.W. Culpepper, J.S. Caldwell, A.T. Meyers, 1941. The effect of fruit on the tree upon composition, flavor and dessert and canning quality of twelve varieties of peaches. Fruit Prod. Jour. and Amer. Vinegar Indus. 21:46-50.
21. Neubert, A.M., M.K. Veldhuis, W.J. Clore, 1944. The effect of harvest maturity on the canning quality of western-grown Elberta peaches. Amer. Food Mfr. 23:292-297.
22. Neubert, A.M., C.L. Bedford., J.H. Schultz, G.H. Carter, 1948. Harvesting freestone peaches for processing. Wash. State Hort. Assoc. Proc. 43:187-191.
23. O’Reilly, H.J. 1947. Peach storage in modified atmospheres. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. Proc. 49:99-106.
24. Regnell, J.C. 1973. Analytical methods in quality control of processed fruit and vegetables. Technical Report No:11. The Quality Control Centre, Olive Culture Research Institute, İzmir.
25. Reyneke, J. 1951. The final ripening period in relation to woolliness of Peregrine peaches. Union So. Africa Dept. Agr. and Forestry, Sci. Bul. 228, 19 p.
26. Romani, R.J., F.C. Jacob, C.M. Sprock, 1962. Studies on the use of light transmission to assess the maturity of peaches, nectarines, and plums. Proc. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 80:220-229.
27. Romani, R.J., W.G. Jennings, 1971. Stone fruits. In "Biochemistry of fruits and their products" (Ed. E.C. Hulme) Vol.2. Academic Press, London and New York, pp:411-436.
28. Rood, P., 1957. Development and evaluation of objective maturity indices for California freestone peaches. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 70:104-112.
29. Rose, F.A. 1958. Dinitrophenol method for reducing sugars. Potato processing (Eds: W.F. Talburt, O. Smith). Avi Publishing Company, Connecticut. pp:469-470.
30. Ryall, L.A., W.T. Pcnizer, 1974. Handling, transportation and storage of fruits and vegetables. Vol.2. Fruits and Tree Nuts. The Avi Publishing Com. Inc. Connecticut, USA. 545 p.
31. Salisbury, F.B., C. Ross, 1969. Plant physiology. Wadsworth Publishing Com., Inc., Belmont, California 747 p.
32. Smock, R.M. 1944. The physiology of Decidious fruits in storage. The Bot. Rew. 10(9):560-598.
33. Topping, A.J. 1981. A. recording laboratory penetrometer for fruit. Jour. of Agr. Eng. Res. 26:179-183.
34. Westwood, N.M. 1978. Temperate-zone pomology. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco. pp:229-243.
35. Willison, R.S. 1941. Studies in maturity and cold storage of peaches. Science 21:624-645.