Bazı Standart Elma Çeşitlerinde Gözlenen Önemli Fizyolojik Bozukluklar Üzerinde Araştırmalar-1 (Acı Benek)

Öz

1983/1984 ve 1984/1985 saklama mevsimlerinde Yalova Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde yürütülen bu araştırmada değişik Ca tuzlarının agrol ıslatıcısı ile benomyl’den oluşan kombinasyonlarıyla yapılan derim sonrası uygulamalarının 0℃’de saklama sırasında Starking Delicious ve Starkrimson Delicious çeşitlerinin acı benek ve fungal çürükler üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Genel olarak denenen tüm Ca tuzlarında dozla acı benek arasında olumsuz bir ilişki saptanmış olmakla birlikte, bu fizyolojik bozukluğun derimden sonraki uygulamalarla kontrolünün önemli ölçüde meyvenin derim olumundaki Ca düzeyine bağlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kalsiyum klorürün %2.8’lik gibi oldukça yüksek bir dozunda dahi meyvelerde lentisel zararı gözlen memesi, bu kimyasal bileşiğin derim sonrası uygulamalarda Ca(NO₃)₂’u kıyasla daha emniyetli olduğunu göstermektedir. Kalsiyum klorürün bir kleyt formu olan stopit CaCl₂ ile kıyaslandığında, acı beneği kontrolde bir avantaja sahip olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Kalsiyum klorür-ıslatıcı kombinasyonunun acı benek üzerindeki etkisinin sinerjistik olduğu saptanmış ve bunun etki mekanizmasının büyük bir olasılıkla, solüsyonun yüzey geriliminin değişmesi nedeniyle meyvenin Ca alımının hızlanmasından kaynaklanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Saklama sırasında benomyl her iki çeşitteki fungal çürümeleri etkin bir şekilde kontrol etmiştir. Kalsiyum klorür-ıslatıcı-benomyl kombinasyonunun lentiseller üzerinde olumsuz bir etkisi gözlenmemiş ve bu nedenle bu kombinasyonun denemede verilen sınırlar içinde çok amaçlı kullanılarak meyvelerdeki kalite riskini en alt düzeye indirebileceği saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elma
• Fizyolojik Bozukluk
• Acı Benek

Studies on Important Physiological Disorders of Some Standard Apple Cultivars-1 (Bitter Pit)

Öz

In this study carried out at Yalova Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute during two successive storage seasons, 1983/1984 and 1984/1985, investigated were the effects of combinations of various Ca salts with agrol (wetting agent) and benomyl (fungicide) on "bitter pit", a physiological disorder, and fungal deteriorations observed on "Starking Delicious" and "Starkrimson Delicious" apple cultivars during storage at 0℃ for 6 months. In general, all Ca salt concentrations tested in the study showed the overall existence of a reciprocal relationship with bitter bit. However, post-harvest control of the physiological disorder was found to be largely de pended on the level of Ca in the fruit at maturity. Absence of lenticel damage even at high concentrations of CaCl₂ as much as %2.8 is the strong indicative of its preference over Ca(NO₃)₂ for postharvest safety. Compared to CaCl₂, the chelate form commercially known as "Stopit" showed no any significant advantage in the dipping tests. The combination of CaCl₂ with the wetting agent during dipping test gave best controlling results which is believed to have been originated from the fact that changes in surface tension with the wetting agent which resulted in more Ca infiltration into the fruit. During storage, benomyl successfully controlled the decay in both varieties. No lenticel damage was observed from combinations containing all fractions-CaCl₂, wetting agent and benomyl. Therefore, this combined form is highly suggested as the most multi effective method for controlling the disorder and fungal rots at concentrations within limits used in the experiment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Apple
• Physiological Disorder
• Bitter Pit

Kaynakça

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