Bazı Önemli Elma Çeşitlerinin Normal ve Kontrollü Atmosferde Depolanmaları Üzerinde Karşılaştırmalı Araştırmalar-1 (Akıcı Sistem)

Öz

Bu çalışma Yalova Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsünde 1979/1980 ve 1981/1982 saklama mevsimlerinde, NA (Normal atmosfer) ve KA (Kontrollü atmosfer) saklama yöntemlerinin Starking Delicious ve Golden Delicious çeşitlerinin saklama potansiyelleri üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Dokuz aylık saklama süresince 3 aylık zaman periyotlarında meyvelerin SÇKM, meyve eti sertliği, klorofil, antosiyanin, titre edilebilir toplam asillik ve şeker içerikleri ile ağırlıklarında meydana gelen değişimler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca elmaların saklama potansiyelleri, meyvelerin 20℃’ye aktarıldıktan sonraki solunum hızlarının izlenmesi suretiyle saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Deneme sonuçları KA yönteminin meyvenin eşlemeli (syncronised) olgunlaşma modelini değiştirerek, uzun süreli depolamadan doğabilecek kalite riskini azaltmak suretiyle her iki çeşidin de saklama süresinin 9 aya kadar uzayabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elma
• Kontrollü Atmosfer
• Depolama
• Akıcı Sistem

Comparative Studies on the Effect of Normal and Controlled Atmosphere Storage Conditions on Some Important Apple Cultivars-1 (Flow System)

Abstract

This study, which was carried out at Yalova Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute during storage periods of 1979/1980 and 1981/1982, aimed the effect of normal (NA) and controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions on storage potential of Starking Delicious and Golden Delicious apples. During nine-months storage at 0℃ soluble so lids, flesh firmness, chlorophyll, anthocyanin intensities, titretable acidity and sugar contents of fruits were investigated at 3-month intervals. In addition, storage potentials of fruits were examined by transferring the fruits to 20℃ where their respiratory behaviors were closely followed. Results indicated the fact that CA condition can extend the storage life of fruits up to 9 months without appreciable loss thus the synchronized ripening model was converted and risk in quality losses due to extended storage was highly minimized.

Keywords

• Apple
• Controlled Atmosphere
• Storage
• Flow System

Kaynakça

1. Anderson, R.E., 1967. Experimental Storage of Eastern-Grown Delicious Apples in Various Controlled Atmospheres. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 91:810-820.
2. Anonim, 1992. Tarımsal Yapı ve Üretim. 1989. Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü, Yayın No:1505. 415s.
3. Blanpied, G.D., E. Hansen, 1868. The Effect of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene on the Ripening of Pears at Ambient Temperatures. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 93:813-816.
4. Chichester, C.O., R. McFeeters, 1971. Pigment Degeneration During Processing and Storage. In "The Biochemistry of Fruits and Their Products." Vol.2 (Ed. A.C. Hulme) Academic Press. New York USA. pp:707-719.
5. Claypool, L.L., R.M. Keefer, 1942. A Colorimetric Method for CO₂ Determination in Respiration Studies. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 40: 177-186.
6. Claypool, L.L., 1960. Maturity Studies with Freestone Peach Varieties. Report to California Fresh Advisory Board. Dept. of Pom. Univ. of Calif. 24p.
7. Dostal, H.C., 1970. The Biochemistry and Physiology of Ripening. Hort. Science, 5(1):36-37.
8. Ergun, M.E., S. Gençlik, Y. Yakut, A. Kaya, E. Osmanlıoğlu, S. Erkal, A. Şafak, 1984. Üretimin Yoğun Olduğu Bazı Yörelerde Elma Üretimi, Değerlendirilmesi, Maliyeti ile Pazarlama Sorunları Üzerinde Araştırma (Sonuç Raporu) Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Yalova.

9. Fidler, J.C., 1933. Studies in Zymasis. 4. The Accumulation of Zymasic Products in Apples During Senescence. Biochem. J., 27:1641-21.
10. Fidler, J.C., C.J. North, 1966. The Respiration of Apples in CA Storage Conditions. Int. Inst. of Refrigeration., Commission 4 and 5 Bologne, Annexe 1966-1. pp:93-100.
11. Fidler, J.C., C.J. North, 1967. The Effects of Conditions of Storage on the Respiration of Apples. 2. The Effects on the Relationship Between Loss of Respirable Substrate and the Formation of End Products. J. Hort. Sci. 43: 207-221.
12. Giese, A.C., 1968. Cell Physiology. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 671p.
13. Gorin, N., W. Klop, 1982. L-Malate and Sucrose as Criteria for Internal Quality of Golden Delicious Apples, Size 70-80 mm. Z-Lebens Unters Forsch 174:1-4.
14. Gormley, T.R., 1981. Aroma in Fruit and Vegetables. In "Quality in Stored and Processed Vege tables and Fruit" (Eds. P.W. Goodenough and R.K. Atkin). Academic Press, London, pp:35-51.
15. Hatfield, S.G.S., B.D. Patterson, 1971. Abnormal Volatile Production by Apples During Ripening and Controlled Atmosphere Storage. Colloques International Editions Du Centre Nationale La Recherche Sciatique, 1-5 Juliet, Paris, pp:1-5.
16. Hulme, A.C., 1950. Data for the Study of the Metabolism of Apples During Growth and Storage. Section 2. Jour. Hort. Sci. 25:277-280.
17. Hulme, A.C., 1958. Some Aspects of the Biochemistry of Apple and Pear Fruits. Advances in Food Res. 8:297-413.
18. Johnson, D.S., 1976. Influence of Water Loss on the Storage Quality of Apples. Chemistry and Industry, pp:1044-1046.
19. Jones, J.D., A.C. Hulme, 1961. Preparation of Mitochondria from the Peel of Apples. Nature, 191:370-372.
20. Kaynaş, K., 1987. Doğu Marmara Bölgesinde Yetiştirilen Önemli Elma Çeşitlerinin Depolama Olanakları Üzerine Araştırmalar. (Doktora Tezi) Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, İzmir.
21. Kidd, F., C. West, 1939. The Controlling Influence of Carbon Dioxide. 6. New Phytol., 38:105-122.
22. Knee, M., 1971. Ripening of Apples During Storage-3. Changes in Chemical Composition of Golden Delicious Apples During the Climacteric and Under Conditions Simulating Commercial Storage Practice. J. Sci. Fd. Agric. 22:371-377.
23. Knee, M., 1980. Physiological Responses of Apple Fruits to Oxygen Concentrations. Ann. Appl. Biol. 96:243-253.
24. Lau, O.L., 1985. Storage Responses of Four Apple Cultivars to Low-O₂ Atmospheres. In "Proc. 4. National CA Res. Conference" (Ed. S.M. Blankenship) North Carolina, State Univ., Raleigh Hort. Rpt., 126. pp:43-56.
25. Meheriuk, M., 1985. Controlled Atmosphere Storage Conditions for Some of the More Commonly Grown Apple Cultivar. In "Proc. 4. National CA Res. Conference" (Ed. S.M. Blankenship) North Carolina State Univ. Raleigh Hort. Rpt. 126. pp:395-421.
26. Patterson, M.E., 1970. The Role of Ripening in the Affairs of Man. Hort. Science, 5(1):30-33.
27. Regnell, J.C., 1973. Analytical Methods in Quality Control of Processed Fruit and Vegetables. Technical Report No:11. The Quality Control Centre, Olive Culture Research Inst., Izmir.
28. Rose, A.F., 1959. Dinitrophenyl Method for Reducing Sugars. In "Potato Processing" (Eds, W.F. Talburt and O. Smith) The Avi Publishing Company Connecticut, USA. pp:469-470.
29. Salisbury, F.B., C. Ross, 1969. Plant Physiology. Wadsworth Publishing Company. Inc., Belmont, California. 747 p.
30. Sharpies, R.O., 1978. The Influence of Orchard Nutrition on the Storage Quality of Apples and Pears Grown in the United Kingdom. In "Mineral Nutrition of Fruit Trees" (Eds; D. Atkinson, J.E. Jackson, R.O. Sharpies and W.M. Waller). Butterworth’s London, pp:17-28.
31. Smock, R.M., 1944. The Physiology of Decidious Fruits in Storage. The Bot. Rew. 10(9):560-568.
32. Smock, R.M., 1958. Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Apples. New York Agr. Col. (Cornell), Ext. Bull. 759. 35p.
33. Smock, R.M., 1964. When Do CA Apples Outstrip Regular Storage Apples in Condition. In "Proceeding of the New England-New York Controlled Atmosphere Storage Seminar" (Ed. W.J. Lord) Univ. of Massachusetts Ext. Pub. 422. pp: 61-67.
34. Soutwitch, F.W., J.W. Zahradnik, 1958. Controlled Atmosphere Apple Storage. Col. of Agr., Univ. of Mass. Ext. Bull. 322.
35. Spurr, A.R., 1970. Morphological Changes in Ripening Fruit. Hort. Science, 5 (1): 33-35.
36. Van Buran, 1965. The Function of Phytochrome in Regulation of Plant Growth. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences 58:2125-2139.
37. Walter, T.E., 1967. Factors Affecting Fruit Colour in Apples: A Review of World Literature. Rep. East Mailing Res. Stn. for 1966. pp: 70-82.
38. Wilkinson, B.G., 1970. The Effects of Evaporation on Storage Disorders of Apples. Report of East Mailing Res. Sta. for 1969. pp: 127-129.
39. Wright, R.C., T.M. Whiteman, 1955. Some Changes in Eastern Apples During Storage. U.S. Dept. Agr. Tech. Bull. 1120.