“4F-89” Fasulye Çeşidinde Tohum Neminin En Uygun Hasat Zamanının Belirlenmesinde Kullanılabilirliği

Öz

Araştırmada sırık fasulyede (4F-89) tohumun olgunlaşması sırasında tohum neminin azalması ile tohum kalitesindeki değişimler arasındaki ilişkiler araştırılmıştır. Tohum neminin ana bitki üzerinde %45-50 düzeyinde inmesinden itibaren tohumdaki canlılık, çıkış oranı, fide uzunluğu ve fide kuru ağırlığının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca tohumun çimlenmesi sırasında ortama verdiği suda eriyebilir kuru madde miktarının bir ölçüsü olan elektriksel iletkenliğin de bu dönemden 1 hafta sonra en düşük düzeye indiği saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre tohumluk üretiminde kullanılacak fasulye tohumlarının ana bitki üzerinde tohum neminin %45-50’ye düşmesinden itibaren (çiçeklenmeden 36 gün sonra) hasat edilmeye başlanabileceği, ancak en uygun dönemin tohum neminin %14’e düştüğü dönem olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tohum neminin %12 ve altına düşmesiyle fizyolojik yaşlanmayla beraber tohum kayıpları da ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• 4F-89
• Fasulye
• Tohum Nemi
• Hasat Zamanı

Seed Moisture Content as A Determining Factor of Seed Harvest Time of Snap Bean cv. 4F-89

Abstract

Interrelationship between reduction in seed moisture on the mother plant and changes in seed quality were investigated in snap bean (cv. 4F-89) during seed maturation. Seed quality assessed by, germination, emergence, seed length and seed dry weight was maximum or near to maximum by the time that seed moisture declined to 45-50%. Nevertheless, minimum electrical conductivity was obtained from seeds harvested one week after this time. At the end of this study, optimum harvest time for bean seeds appeared to be when seed moisture was 14%. Delay in harvest did not only cause physiological aging but also seed lost through shedding.

Keywords

• 4F-89
• Beans
• Seed Moisture
• Harvest Time

Kaynakça

1. Deloche, J.C., 1980. Environmental Effects on Seed Development and Seed Quality. Hort. Science, 15:13-18.
2. Demir, İ. and R.H. Ellis, 1992. Development of Pepper Seed Quality, Annals of Applied Biology, 121:385-399.
3. Demir, İ. and R.H. Ellies, 1993. Changes Seed Longevity and Seedling Growth During Seed Development and Maturation in Marrow, Seed Science Research, 3:247-257.
4. Demir, İ. and R. Yanmaz, 1994. Seed Quality Development in Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) During Maturation. ISTA/ISHS Symposium Technological Advances in Variety and Seed Research, 31 May-3 June 1994, Wageningen/Netherlands.
5. Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong and E.H. Roberts, 1985. Handbook of Seed Technology for Genebanks, Vol:1. Principles and Methodology. International Board for Genetic Resources, Handbook for Genebanks, 2.
6. Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong and E.H. Roberts, 1987. The Development of Desiccation-Tolerance and Maximum Seed Quality During Seed Maturation in Six Grain Legumes, Annals of Botany, 59:23.29.
7. Ellis, R.H., P.K. Agrawal and E.E. Roos, 1988. Harvesting and Storage Factors that Affect Seed Quality in Pea, Lentil, Faba Bean and Chickpea. World Crops; Cool Season Food Legumes. (Editör: R.J. Summerfield), pp:303-329.
8. Ellis, R.H. and P.C. Filco, 1992. Seed Development and Seed Longevity, Seed Science Research, 2: 9-15.

9. Gray, D., J.R.A. Steckel and J.L. Hands, 1992. Leek (Allium porrum L.) Seed Development and Germination. Seed Science Research, 2:89.95.
10. Harrington, J.F., 1972. Seed Storage and Longevity, Seed Biology, Vol.3; (Editör: T.T. Kozlowski), Academic Press New York, pp:145-245.
11. Kwion, O.S. and K.J. Bradford, 1987. Tomato Seed Development and Quality as Influenced by Preharvest Treatment with Ethephon. Hort. Science, 22(4):588-591.
12. Maquire, J.D. 1977. Seed Quality and Germination, The Physiology and Biochemistry of Seed Dormancy and Germination, (Editör: A.A. Khan), Biochemical Press, Amsterdam, pp:219-235.
13. Rasyad, D.A., D.A. Van Sanford and D.M. TeKrony, 1979. Changes in Seed Viability and Vigour During Wheat Seed Maturation. Seed Science and Technology, 18:259-267.
14. Stenier, J.J. and D.C. Akintobi, 1986. Effect of Harvest Maturity on Viability of Onion seed. Horticultural Science, 5:1220-1221.
15. TeKrony, D.M., D.B. Egli, J. Balles, T. Pfeiffer and R.J. Fellows, 1979. Physiological Maturity in Soybeans. Agronomy Journal, 71:771-775.