Çilek Islahında Ebeveyn ve Farklı Genotipler Arasındaki İlişkiler

Öz

Bu araştırma 1992-1997 yılları arasında Atatürk Bahçe Kültürleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü deneme sera ve parsellerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, ebeveyn olarak Osmanlı, Yalova-104, Tufts, Cruz ve Tioga çeşitlerinin karşılıklı değişik kombinasyonlarının melezlenmesi sonucu elde edilen F₁, G₁ ve G₂ melez tipler kullanılmıştır. Kullanılan ebeveynlere göre döller arasındaki açılım farklılık göstermiştir. Bazı hatlarda seçilen tip sayısının oldukça az olduğu gözlenmiştir. Döller arasında en fazla seçilen ümitvar tip Tufts × Cruz melezlemesinden elde edilen bitkiler arasında olmuştur. Bu ıslah çalışması göstermiştir ki, yapılacak çalışmaların başarısında, genel kombinasyonlar içerisinde seçilecek en iyi ebeveynlerin belirlenmesinin büyük önemi vardır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan ebeveynlerden Tufts, en iyi ebeveyn olarak belirlenmiştir. Özellikle Tufts × Cruz melezlerinden oldukça üstün tipler elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çilek
• Islah
• Ebeveyn
• Genotip

Relationship Between Strawberry Parents and Hybrid Cultivar Candidates Obtained By Cross-Breeding Program

Abstract

This study was carried out at the Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute between 1992-1997 with the aim of obtaining new strawberry cultivars through cross-breeding. In the breeding program; Osmanlı, Yalova-104, Tufts, Cruz and Tioga were used and almost 10.000 hybrids were obtained from the crosses. The number of cross-bred plants differed according to the cross lines. The most selected cross-bred plants were obtained from Tufts × Cruz crosses. Although the number of cross-breeds obtained from back-crosses were less, they showed higher fruit and plant characteristics. This study has shown that the success in cross-breeding is strongly related to the parent characteristics. In this study, Tufts was found as the best parent. Especially, very good types were obtained from Tufts × Cruz crossings.

Keywords

• Strawberry
• Breeding
• Parent
• Genotype

Kaynakça

1. Anonymous, 1995-a. D.İ.E. Tarımsal Ürünler. Yayın No:1835, Ankara.
2. Anonymous, 1995-b. FAO. Quarterly Bulletion of Statistics, 8(3/4):104-107.
3. Anonymous, 1996. FAO, Quarterly Bulletion of Statistics, 9(3/4):116-144.
4. Bell, J.A., D.W. Simpson, 1994. The Use of Isoenzyme Poly-Morphisms As an Aid For Cultivar Identification in Strawberry. Euphytica 77:113-117.
5. Bringhurst, R.S., V. Voth, 1957. Effect of Stratification on Strawberry Seed Germination. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 70:144-149.
6. Bringhurst, R.S., V. Voth, 1976. Breeding and Explanation of Day-Neutral Strawberries in Subtropical Environments. Hort Science (1975) 10(3):329, (En) Univ. California Davis USA Plant Breeding Abs. 46:3-4710.
7. Collins, W.B., C.R. Smith, 1970. Soil Moisture Effect on the Rooting and Early Development of Strawberry Runners. J. Amer. Jour. Hort. Sci., 95:417-419.
8. Darrow, G.M., 1966. The Strawberry "History, Breeding and Physiology". The New England Institute For Medical Research U.S.A., 447p.

9. Demir, İ., 1975. Genel Bitki Islahı. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi No:212, İzmir, 331s.
10. Duewer, R.G., 1967. Heritability of Soluble Solids and Acids in Progenies of the Cultivated Strawberry. (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 90:153-157.
11. Guttridge, O.O., 1958. The Effect of Winter Chilling on the Subsequent Growth and Development of the Cultivated Strawberry Plant. Jour. Hort. Sci. 33(2):119-127.
12. Hansche, P.E., R.S. Bringhurst, V. Voth, 1968. Estimates of Genetic and Environmental Parameters in the Strawberry. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 42:338-345.
13. Hirst, J.M., 1982. Strawberry Breeding. Long Ashton Research Station (University of Bristol) Bristol 82/1.
14. Janick, J., N. Moore, 1975. Advances in Fruit Breeding. Purdue Univ. Press West Lafayette, Indiana, 623 p.
15. Konarlı, O., K. Kepenek, H. Akgün, 1984. Melezleme Yolu ile Elde Edilen Yeni Çilek Çeşitleri. Bahçe 13(2):5-13.
16. McNicol, R.J., J. Graham, 1992. Biotechnology of Perennial Fruit Crops. “Temperate Small Fruits”, (Eds: F.A. Hammerschlag, R.E. Litz). University Press, Cambridge U.K., 550p.
17. Meulenbroek, E.J., C.P.J. Van de Lindeloof, 1995. Fifty Years of Strawberry Breeding at the Centre For Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research (CPRO-DLO) in the Netherlands. Department of Vegetable and Fruit Crops, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 20.12.1995.,Concept Van.
18. Moore, J.N., J.R. Ballington, 1990. Genetic Resources of Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops 2. Published by the International Society for Horticultural Science Wageningen, The Netherland (491-546) 973p.
19. Morrow, E.B., 1952. Effects of Limited Inbreeding in Strawberries. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 59:269-276.
20. Morrow, E.B., G.M. Darrow, P.H. Scott, 1954. A Quick Method of Cleaning Berry Seed for Breeders. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 63:265.
21. North, C., 1979. Plant Breeding and Genetics in Horticulture. The McMillan Press Ltd. London, 90p.
22. Özbek, S., 1971. Bağ-Bahçe Bitkilerinin Islahı. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın No:419, 263s.
23. Powers, L., 1954. Inheritance of Period of Blooming in Progenies of Strawberries. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 64:293-298.
24. Qurecky, D.K., G.L. Slate, 1967. Behavior of the Everbearing Characteristic in Strawberries. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 91:236-241.
25. Rosati, P., 1993. Recent Trends in Strawberry Production and Research an Overview. Acta Horticulturae, 348:23-44.
26. Scott, D.H., A.D. Draper, 1967. Light in Relation to Seed Germination of Blueberry, Strawberries, and Rubus, HortScience 2 (3):107-108.
27. Scott, D.H., A.D. Draper, 1970. A Further Note on Strawberry Seed in Cold Storage. HortScience 5(5):439.
28. Scott, D.H., Lawrence, 1975. Strawberry. “Advances in Fruit Breeding”, (Eds: J. Janick, J.N. Moore). Purdue Univ. Press. Indiana. 623p.
29. Sherman, W.B., J. Janick, 1966. Greenhouse Evaluation of Fruit Size and Maturity in Strawberry. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 89:303-308.
30. Simpson, D.W., 1992. The Inheritance of Components of Fruiting Season, Yield and Vigour in Short-Day Strawberries and the Relationship Between Pistillate Flowers and Flowering Time. Plant Breeding 109:177-182.
31. Slate, G.L., 1943. A Second Report on the Best Parents in Strawberry Breeding. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 43:175-179.
32. Stauat, G., 1989. The Species of Fragaria Their Taxonomy and Geographical Distribution. Acta Horticulturae, 265.
33. Tiwary, B.L., 1976. An Analysis of a Reciprocal Cross Between The Strawberry Cultivars. "Geneva" an "Fresno". Plant Breeding Abs. 46(10):9462.
34. Zagaja, S.W., 1983. Germplasm Resources and Exploration. “Methods in Fruit Breeding” (Eds: J.N. Moore, J. Janick). Purdue Univ. Press, Indiana, 464p.
35. Zuravwicz, E., 1989. Problems of Breeding Late Ripening Strawberry Cultivars in Poland. Acta Horticulturae 265:153-159.