Saksıda Yetişen Yüksek Boylu Maviyemiş Çeşitlerinin Fenolojik Safhaları İle Kalite Özellikleri

Öz

İki binli yıllarda Türkiye’ye introdüksiyonu yapılan maviyemişler kuvvetli asit (pH 4.2–5.5) karakterdeki topraklarda iyi yetişir. Bu topraklar sadece Karadeniz bölgesinde doğal olarak bulunabilmektedir. Samsun ilinde 2017–2018 yılları arasında yürütülen bu çalışmada 7 adet kuzeyli yüksek boylu maviyemiş çeşidi (‘Bluegold’, ‘Patriot’, ‘Brigitta’, ‘Nui’, ‘Aurora’, ‘Liberty’ ve ‘Northland’) asidik torf içeren 50 litrelik saksılara dikilerek yavaş salınımlı gübre (Osmocote Pro, 17–11–10 + 2MgO + Te, 8–9 ay) ile gübrelenmiş ve damla sulama ile sulanmıştır. Deneme bitkilerinde büyüme, gelişme, verim ve meyve özellikleri belirlenmiş ve çiçek tomurcuğu, yaprak tomurcuğu, çiçek ve meyve gelişimi fenolojisi aşamaları tespit edilmiştir. Northland çeşidi en erken uyanarak (23 Şubat) 10 Mart’ta çiçeklenirken ‘Nui’ maviyemiş çeşidi 2 Haziran’da olgunlaşarak ilk hasat edilen çeşit olmuştur. ‘Liberty’ ise en son hasat edilen çeşit olup hasat periyodunun Ağustos ayının son haftasına kadar sürdüğü ortaya konulmuştur. Türkiye’de, arazide yetişen kuzeyli yüksek boylu maviyemiş çeşitleri Haziran ve Temmuz ayları arasında hasat edilirken denememizde saksıda yetişen çeşitler ile hasat periyodu Ağustos ayına kadar uzatılmıştır. ‘Northland’ çeşidi en yüksek verimli çeşit (1105.27 g/bitki) iken ‘Nui’ ve ‘Aurora’ en iri ve en ağır meyvelere (sırasıyla 3.78 g ve 3.60 g) sahip olduğu tespit edilmiş, ‘Patriot’ çeşidi en yüksek suda çözünebilen kuru madde (%10.63) miktarını vermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Vaccinium corymbosum
• saksı
• fenoloji
• verim
• SÇKM
• meyve ağırlığı

Quality Characteristics And Phenological Stages Of Pot Grown Highbush Blueberries

Abstract

Blueberries grow well under acidic soils 4.2–5.5 pH. Such soils can only be finding naturally around Black Sea Region. This study was carried out between 2017–2018 in Samsun province. Blueberry plants were planted in 50 lt. pots using acidic peat moss and fertilized with slow-release fertilizer (Osmocote Pro, 17–11–10 + 2MgO + Te, 8–9 months) and drip irrigated. 7 northern highbush blueberry cultivars (‘Bluegold’, ‘Patriot’, ‘Brigitta’, ‘Nui’, ‘Aurora’, ‘Liberty’ and ‘Northland’) were used. Growth, development, yield and berry characteristics of the blueberry cultivars were determined, flower and leaf bud and fruit development phenological stages observed. Northland is the earliest bud burst (23 February) and flowered (10 March) cultivar. ‘Nui’ matured at 2ⁿᵈ June and has the first harvest. However, ‘Liberty’ is the latest cultivar and their harvest lasted at the last week of August. In Turkey, northern highbush blueberry begins to harvest between June and July. By these cultivars grown in pots, we could prolong the harvest season till the end of the August. On the other hand, ‘Northland’ is the highest yielded cultivars (1105.27 g/plant). ‘Nui’ and ‘Aurora’ gave the largest and heaviest berry (3.78 and 3.60, respectively). ‘Patriot’ has the highest TSS (10.63%).

Keywords

• Vaccinium corymbosum
• pot
• phenology
• yield
• TSS
• berry weight

Kaynakça

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