Various Scarification Methods for Reducing of Hard Seed in Cicer Milkvetch (Astragalus cicer)

Abstract

Cicer Milkvetch is a legume forage crop having long life- perennial, resistance to cold, non-bloat for animals. The establishment of legume forage crops is very difficult. One of the major constraints in successful stand establishment of forage legumes is hard seed. This trait inhibits and delays the emergence of plant seedling. It leads poor plant growth and low weed competition moreover it causes low yield and poor quality of herbage. For this reason, detecting and knowing of hard seed rates of plant species for sowing rate, uniform emergence and perfect stand establishment are significant. Various methods are used for identifying this rate. In this study, the effects of various scarification methods on hard seed in Cicer Milkvetch were investigated. This test in completely randomized plot design in Lutana variety with four replications was conducted in the department of forage crops and meadow-rangeland in the Central Research Institute for Field Crops in 2018. Treatments are counted following as treatment 1 (heat 1), treatment 2 (heat 2), treatment 3 (freeze-thaw), treatment 4 (mechanical method), treatment 5 (heat 1 + mechanical method), treatment 6 (heat 2 + mechanical method), treatment 7 (freeze-thaw + mechanical method) and treatment 8 (control). When evaluated study results, treatment 3 (57.2%) and treatment 7 (61.6%) negatively affected for seed germination rate and caused a significant decrease in seed germination rate compared to control (81.7%). Other 5 treatments reasoned positively effect on germination seed rate and led an increase in that. The highest germination rate was obtained from treatment 1 (97.0%) and after that treatment 6 (90.0%) was followed it. As a result, mechanical method and heat treatment or combinations of both may be advised to reduce hard seed impact in Cicer Milkvetch.

Keywords

• Cicer milkvetch
• hard seed
• scarification methods
• germination rate

Nohut Geveninde (Astragalus cicer) Sert Tohumluğun Azaltılması İçin Çeşitli Tohum Kabuğu İnceltme Metotları

Öz

Nohut geveni uzun ömürlü, soğuğa dirençli, hayvanlarda şişkinlik yapmayan bir baklagil yem bitkisidir. Baklagil yem bitkilerinin tesis edilmesi çok zordur. Baklagil yem bitkilerinin başarılı bir şekilde tesis edilmesinde en önemli kısıtlamalardan biri sert tohumluktur. Bu özellik bitki fidelerinin çıkışını engeller ve geciktirir. Zayıf bitki gelişimi ve düşük yabancı ot rekabeti sağlar, bunun yanında düşük verim ve düşük ot kalitesine neden olur. Bu nedenle bitki türlerinin sert tohumluk oranlarının belirlenmesi ve bilinmesi ekilecek tohum miktarı, uniform çıkış ve uygun tesis yönünden önemlidir. Bu oranın tespit edilmesi için farklı yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, nohut geveninde çeşitli tohum kabuğu inceltme yöntemlerinin sert tohumluk üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu test 2018 yılında Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Çayır Mera ve Yem Bitkileri Bölümünde Lutana çeşidinde tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak yapılmıştır. Uygulamalar aşağıdaki gibi sayılmaktadır; uygulama 1 (sıcak 1), uygulama 2 (sıcak 2), uygulama 3 (donma-çözülme), uygulama 4 (mekanik yöntem), uygulama 5 (sıcak 1 + mekanik yöntem), uygulama 6 (sıcak 2 + mekanik yöntem), uygulama 7 (donma-çözülme + mekanik yöntem) ve uygulama 8 (kontrol). Çalışma sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, tohum çimlenme oranı için uygulama 3 (%57.2) ve uygulama 7 (%61.6) olumsuz yönde etkilenmiş ve tohum çimlenme oranının kontrole (%81.7) kıyasla önemli ölçüde azalmasına neden olmuştur. Diğer 5 uygulama, tohum çimlenme oranı üzerinde olumlu bir etkiye neden olmuş ve bunun artmasına yol açmıştır. En yüksek çimlenme oranı 1. uygulamadan (%97.0) elde edilmiştir ve bundan sonra 6. uygulama (%90.0) bunu takip etmiştir. Sonuç olarak, nohut geveninde sert tohumluk etkisini azaltmak için mekanik yöntem ve sıcak uygulamaları veya her ikisinin kombinasyonları önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nohut geveni
• sert tohumluk
• tohum kabuğu inceltme metotları
• çimlenme oranı

Kaynakça

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