Viognier (Vitis vinifera L.) Üzüm Çeşidinde Farklı Sıra Yönleri ve Salkım Seyreltme Uygulamalarının Omcaların Güneşlenme Durumları ve Fenolojik Gelişme Üzerine Etkileri

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 45 Sayı: (Özel Sayı 1) 7. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, 758 - 765, 31.03.2016

Ilknur Korkutal , Elman Bahar , Özge Kaymaz

Öz

Araştırma; farklı dikim yönü ve salkım seyreltme uygulamalarının, omcaların fenolojik gelişme ve güneşlenme durumu üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla; 2011 yılında Şarköy ilçesinde 40°38’13,27”K ve 27°03’38,96”D enlem ve boylamlarında, ortalama 198 m rakımda, 5 yaşlı Viognier/420A omcalarında yürütülmüştür, tek kollu kordon royat terbiye şeklinde, 2.20×1.25 m aralık ve mesafe ile dikilmiştir. Bölünmüş parsellerde iki faktörlü faktöriyel deneme deseni’ne göre kurulmuştur. Ana parsel uygulamalarında her bir parsel bir dikim yönü konusunu (K-G ve D-B); her alt parsel de bir salkım seyreltme uygulamasını (SSU); alt salkımların alınması (ASA), üst salkımların alınması (ÜSA), karışık salkım alınması (%50 alt+%50 üst) (KSA), Kontrol (hiç salkım alınmamış) (K) konusu oluşturmuştur. Sonuç olarak K-G doğrultusunda dikimin D-B doğrultusunda dikime göre kısmen daha olumlu sonuçlar verdiği ve K-G doğrultusundaki omcaların her iki tarafının güneş ışınlarından daha eşit yararlandığı söylenebilir. SSU’larının da yetiştiricilikte karşılaşılan sorunun çözümüne yönelik olarak seçilmesinin yerinde olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca 2011 vejetasyon periyodunun uzun yıllar ortalamasından düşük olduğu; bu nedenle olgunlaşmanın geciktiği görülmüştür (263. gün, hasat).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Viognier üzüm çeşidi , salkım seyreltme , dikim yönü , güneşlenme durumu , fenoloji

Different Cluster Thinning Applications and Row Orientation Effect on Sunlight Transmission and Phenology in cv. Viognier (Vitis vinifera L.)

Öz

This research has been conducted during the 2011 vegetation period in Şarköy district on Viognier/420A 5 years old at a vineyard with 198 m altitude, 40°38’13,27”N latitude and 27°03’38,96”E longitude in order to identify the effects of various row orientation and cluster thinning practices on efficiency and quality. Grapevines are 2,20×1,25 m spaced and trained single cordon royat system. Research is setup in divided parcels according to the two-factor factorial design pattern. Main parcel applications involved two row orientation; N-S (North-South), E-W (East-West). Each sub parcel ones, however, included cluster thinning applications, LCT (lower cluster thinning), UCT (upper cluster thinning), MCT (mixed cluster thinning), C (control/no cluster thinning). As a result, planting to N-S row orientation has partially more positive results than E-W row orientation and N-S row orientation has been found optimal for vineyards to insure consistent canopy light interception. In order to solve the problems which is encountered in vineyard; LCT, UCT or MCT application would be selected. In addition; 2011 vegetation period is shorter than for many years average, for that reason maturation is delayed (harvest in 263th day).

Anahtar Kelimeler

cv. Viognier , cluster thinning , row orientation , sunlight transmission , phenology

Kaynakça

• Archer, E., 2011. The role of grapevine spacing, row orientation and trellis systems. Wynboer/August 2011.
• Archer, E., Hunter. J.J., 2010. Practices for sustainable viticulture. Row orientation, vine spacing and trellis systems. Wynboer Tech. Yearbook, 136-141.
• Baldini, E., Intrieri, C., 1987. Photon flux rate (PFR) on hedgerow models in relation to hedgerow height, row spacing and orientation. Adv. Hort. Sci., 1:3-7.
• Bettiga, L.J., Golino, D.A., McGourty, G., Smith R.J., Verdegaal P.S., Weber, E., 2003. Wine grape varieties in California. rootstock selection. (Christensen L.P.; 12-15pp). Univ California, Agr. and Natural Res. Publication:3419. 188s.
• Carbonneau, A., Deloire, A., Jaillard, B., 2007. The grapevine: physiology, terroir, growing. Dunod, Paris -France. 442s.
• Champagnol, F., 1984. Eléments de physiologie de la vigne et de viticulture général. B.P. 13 Prades-le-Lez, 34980 Saint -Gely -du -Fese. France.
• Clımaco, P., Teixeira, K., Ferreirinho, M.C., 2005. Efeitos da monda de cachos no rendimento e qualidade da cv. Alicante Bouschet. Vinea, Revista Viticultura Alentejo, Abril-Junho:13-16.
• Dai, Z.W., Ollat, N., Gomes, E., Decroocq, S., Tandonnet, J.P., Bordenave, L., Pieri, P., Hilbert, G., Kappel, C., van Leeuwen, C., Vivin, P., Delrot, S., 2011. Ecophysiological, genetic, and molecular causes of variation in grape berry weight and composition. AJEV. 62(4):413-425.
• Dami, I., Bordelon, B., Ferree, D.C., Brown, M., Ellis, M.A., Williams, R.N., Doohan, D., 2005. Midwest grape production guide. Bulletin 919. Ohio State University Extension, USA. 158s.
• Dokoozlian, N., 2001. Influence of row orientation and cluster exposure to sunlight on the microclimate and composition of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. AVF, California Competitive Grant Program for Research in Viticulture and Enol. North Coast Vitic. Res. Group, Annual Progress Report, 11p.
• Dry, P.R., 2000. Canopy management for fruitfulness. Austr. J Grape and Wine Research. 6:109-115.
• Gao, Y., Cahoon, G.A., 1998. Cluster thinning effects on fruit weight, juice quality and fruit skin characteristics in Reliance grapes. Res. Circular Ohio Agric. Res. and Dev. Cent. 299:87-93.
• Greenspan, M., 2008. Row direction -which end is up? Wine Business Monthly. 15 July 2008. www.winebusiness.com/wbm/?go=getArticle&data Id=58458 (Erişim: 28.04.2011).
• Intrieri, C., Poni, S., Rebucci, B., Magnanini, E., 1998. Row orientation effects on whole-canopy gas exchange of potted and field-grown grapevines. Vitis 37(4):147-154.
• Intrieri, C., Silvestroni, O., Rebucci, B., Poni, S., Filippetti, 1997. How row orientation and trellising affect growth, yield, quality and dry matter partitioning in Chardonnay vines. Practical Winery and Vineyard. September/October:7-9.
• Jackson, D.I., Lombard, P.B., 1993. Environmental and management practices affecting grape composition and wine quality -A review. Amer. J Enol. Vitic. 44(4):409-430.
• Jones, G.V., 2007. Climate change: observations, projections, and general implications for viticulture and wine production. Economics Department Working Paper No:7. Whitman College.
• Keller, M., Mills, L.J., Wample, R.L., Spayd, S.E., 2005. Cluster thinning effects on three deficit-irrigated Vitis vinifera cultivars. Amer. J. Enol. Vitic. 56(2):91-103.
• Kerridge, G., Gackle, A., 2005. Vines for wines. Csiro Publishing. ISBN:0643092188 (Library e-Book).
• Lavezzi, A., Ridomi, A., Pezza, L., Intrieri, C., Silvestroni, O., 1994. Effects of bunch thinning on yield and quality of Sylvoz -trained cv. Prosecco (Vitis vimfera L.). Giesco V, 48(2):35-40. Valladolid.
• Lorenz, D.H., Eichhorn, K.W., Bleiholder, H., Klose, R., Meier, U., Weber, E., 1995. Phenological growth stages of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) codes and descriptions according to the extended BBCH scale. Austr. J Grape and Wine Res. 1:100-110.
• Magnanini, E., Intrieri, C., 1987. Calcolo della intercettazione della radiazione solare in vigneti a controspalliera. Vignevini 3:47-52.
• Martins, S., 2007. Monda de cachos na casta Touriga nacional. efeitos no rendimento e qualidade. Tese Mestrado em Viticultura Oenologia. Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Universidade do Porto. 43p.
• Murisier, F., Zufferey, V., 1999. Influence of row orientation on the performance of grapevines. Revue Suisse de Vitic. 31(5):235-239.
• Nail, W.R., 2010. Effects of fruit thinning on yield, fruit quality and vine performance of red Bordeaux winegrape. February 2010. The Connecticut Agric Exp Sta. New Heaven Bull. 1025. 12p.
• Palliotti, A., Cartechini, A., 2000. Cluster thinning effects on yield and grape composition in different grapevine cultivars. Acta Hort., 512:111-120.
• Riou, C., Valancocne, C., Pieri, P., 1989. Un modele simple d'interception du rayonnement solaire par la vigne -Verification experimentale. Agronomie. 9:441-450.
• Smart, R.E., 1973. Sunlight interception by vineyards. Amer. J. Enol. Vitic. 24:141-147.
• Smart, R.E., Dick, J.K., Gravett, I.M., Fisher, B.M., 1990. Canopy management to improve grape yield and wine quality -principles and practices. South Afr. J. Enol. Vitic., 11(1):3-17.
• Smithyman, R.P., Howell, G.S., Miller, D.P., 1998. The use of competition for carbohydrates among vegetative and reproductive sinks to reduce fruit set and botrytis bunch rot in Seyval Blanc grapevines. Amer. J. Enol. Vitic., 49:163-170.
• Stuart, B.W., David, C., Luth, B.G., 2003. Potential solar radiation in a Vertical Shoot Positioned (VSP) Trellis at 38°N Latitude. Practical Winery Vineyard-Weiss et al. May/June 2003, 17-23.
• Vaudour, E., 2003. Les terroirs viticoles. Definitions, characterization et protection. Dunod, Paris, ISBN:2100064541.
• Zeeman, A.S., 1981. Oplei in. Eds. Burger JD, Deist J Wingerdbou in Suid-Africa, 185-201. Trio-Rand/S.A. Litho, N’dabeni.
• Zufferey, V. and Murisier, F., 1997. Influence of row direction on the interception of light energy by the foliage of grapevine. Results Revue Suisse de Vitic. 29(4):239-243.