Asma Hücrelerine Biyoteknolojik Bakış ve Yeni Çalışmalar

Öz

Bitki hücreleri kullanılarak bitkilerin büyüme ve gelişme olaylarının morfolojik, fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal yöntemlerle incelenmesi hücre kültürleri ile başlamış, hücre süspansiyon kültürü ve biyoreaktörlerin kullanıldığı farklı ölçeklerdeki üretim sistemlerine ulaşan gelişmeler elde edilmiştir. Asma ve besin kaynakları olan ürünleri üzüm, şarap ve şıra; hücre esaslı biyoteknolojik tekniklerin uygulandığı çalışmalara konu olmuştur. Bu kapsamda özellikle sekonder metabolitlerin üretilmesi başta resveratrol, antosiyanin ve tokoferol olmak üzere önemli çalışmalara konu olmuştur. Biyomühendislik ve farmakolojide asmada; düşük miktarlarda üretilen ve biyolojik aktivite gösteren kimyasalların saptanması ve üretiminde, transgenik bitkiler ve bitki hücrelerinde protein bazlı ilaçların üretiminde ve kozmetik endüstrisinde bitki kök hücreleri olarak anılan uygulamalar yeni alanlar olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Ayrıca, germplazm muhafazasında hücre bankalarının oluşturulmasında; sentetik tohum üretiminde ve stres faktörlerinin mekanizmalarının anlaşılmasında hücre odaklı çalışmalar sürdürülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, asmada hücre esasına dayalı biyoteknolojik uygulamalar konusunda yeni çalışmalar derlenerek bağcılık ve farklı alanlardaki kullanım olanakları sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asma
• hücre
• biyoteknoloji

Biotechnological Perspectives on Grape Cells and New Approaches

Öz

Investigation of plant growth and development by morphological, physiological and biochemical methods were began with through plant cell cultures. New developments related to production systems which use of ranging from cell suspension culture to different scale bioreactors have been obtained grapes, wine and cider known as food products derived from grapevine has been the subject to studies related to cell-based biotechnological techniques. Within this scope, the production of secondary metabolites particularly including resveratrol, anthocyanins and tocopherol were subject to considerable studies. In bioengineering and pharmacology, Chemical production and determination in low amounts and indicating biological activity, transgenic plants and production of protein-based drugs on plant cell and cosmetic industry attracts attention as new application with known as plant stem cells application. In addition, cell-based studies are continued about germplasm storage, establishment of cell bank, production of synthetic seed and understanding the mechanisms of stress factors. In this study, recent studies about biotechnological application based on cell in grapevine were compiled. And possibilities of use in viticulture and different areas of these studies have been mentioned.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Grape
• cell
• biotechnology

Kaynakça

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