Bazı Yabani Patlıcan Türlerinin Diyarbakır Koşullarına Adaptasyonunun Belirlenmesi

Öz

Farklı stres koşullarına adaptasyon kabiliyetleri yüksek olan yabani patlıcan genotipleri, gerek habitatta kendiliğinden yetişerek ve gerekse kültüre alınarak birçok ülkede değişik amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır. Yürütülen çalışmada Asya Sebze Araştırma ve Geliştirme Merkezi’nden temin edilen farklı orjinli Solanum melongena, S.aethiopicum, S.macrocarpon, S.scabrum, S.integrifolium ve S.insanum türlerine ait toplam 9 adet genotipin Diyarbakır ekolojik koşullarında bitkisel gelişim ve verim değerlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Genotiplerin ekilen tohumlarından elde edilen fideler, serada (25℃/18℃) dikim büyüklüğüne gelene kadar büyütülmüş ve açıkta yerlerine dikilerek, yörede patlıcan yetiştiriciliğinin yapıldığı süre içerisinde Mayıs ve Ekim 2020 aylarında yetiştirilmişlerdir. Üretim dönemi sonunda bitki boyu, bitki biyokütlesi, yaprak alanı, bitki başına verim, meyve boyu ve ortalama meyve ağırlığı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Türler arasındaki genotipik farklılıklar nedeni ile bitki gelişim ve verim değerlerinin varyasyon gösterdiği görülmüştür. Bitki boyu 41.0-126.0 cm, meyve boyu 1.0-7.9 cm, yaprak alanı 18.00-81.47 cm², bitki başına verim 0.18-2.09 kg arasında değişmiştir. Bitki boyu ve biyokütlesi açısından en yüksek değerlere sahip olan S.scabrum türünün, güçlü bir büyüme gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ancak tür özelliği nedeniyle tek yaprak alanı, bitki başına verim, meyve uzunluğu, çapı ve ağırlığında ise türler arasında en düşük değere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. S.integrifolium türünün ise diğere türlere göre en az biyokütleye sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Patlıcanın yaprağı ve meyvesi tüketilen yakın akraba türlerinden S.macrocarpon’un yaprak alanı ve meyve çapı, S.insanum’un bitki başına verimi, S.melongena türüne ait genotipin ise meyve ağırlığı yüksek bulunmuştur. Belirlenen genotiplerin meyve özellikleri nedeni ile yörede yoğun olarak tüketilen Diyarbakır yerel genotipleri ile ticari çeşitlere alternatif olamayacağı; ancak yörede biyotik ve abiyotik stres faktörleri sorununa karşı anaç ve varyasyon kaynağı olarak ıslahta kullanılabilecekleri sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Solanum spp.
• genotip
• varyasyon
• biyokütle
• verim
• anaç

Determination of The Adaptation of Some Wild Eggplant Species to Diyarbakır Conditions

Öz

Wild eggplant genotypes, which have high adaptability to different stress conditions, are used for different purposes in many countries, either by growing spontaneously in the habitat or by being cultured. This research was conducted to determine the plant development and yield in the Diyarbakır ecological conditions of 9 different originated Solanum species (S.melongena, S.aethiopicum, S.macrocarpon, S.insanum, S.scabrum, and S.integrifolium) which were obtained from the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center. The seedlings obtained from the sown seeds of the genotypes were grown in the greenhouse (25℃/18℃) until they reached the planting size and were planted in the open field in May and October 2020, when eggplant cultivation was carried out in the region. At the end of the production period, plant height, plant biomass, single leaf area, yield per plant, fruit length, and average fruit weight were determined. Due to the genotypic differences between the species, it was observed that the plant growth and yield values showed variation. Plant height, fruit length, single leaf area and yield per plant were varied between 41.0 and 126 cm, 1.0 and 7.9 cm, 18.00 and 81.47 cm², 0.18 and 2.09 kg, respectively. S.scabrum species had the highest plant height, biomass and showed strong growth. However, due to its species characteristics, single leaf area, yield per plant, fruit length, diameter, and weight of this species were lowest among the tested species. S.integrifolium species had the lowest biomass. Single leaf area and fruit diameter of S.macrocarpon, one of the closely related species of eggplant that consume the leaves and fruit; yield per plant of S.insanum; the fruit weight of the genotype of S.melongena were found highest. Due to the fruit characteristics of the tested genotypes, it is not possible to be an alternative to Diyarbakır local genotypes and commercial varieties, which are consumed extensively in the region; However, it has been determined that they can be used in breeding as rootstock and a source of variation against the problem of biotic and abiotic stress factors in the region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Solanum spp.
• genotype
• biomass
• yield
• rootstock

Kaynakça

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