Patlıcanda Kök-Ur Nematodu Meloidogyne incognita’ya Karşı Dayanıklılık Kaynaklarının Araştırılması

Öz

Kök-ur nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.) patlıcan yetiştiriciliğinde verim kaybına neden olan küresel bir sorundur. Patlıcanın kültür formları, zararlıya karşı hassas olmakla birlikte yabani akrabalarındaki dayanıklılık da sınırlıdır. Nematoda dayanıklı türlerin tespit edilmesi, ıslah çalışmaları için gereklidir. Bu çalışma kapsamında patlıcanda en yaygın kök-ur nematodlarından Meloidogyne incognita ırk 1’e karşı bazı yabani kültür ve yabani formlar ile yabani formlardan üretilen melezlerin reaksiyonları araştırılmıştır. Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü’nde 2021-2022 yıllarında yürütülen çalışmada, yabani formlardan S.incanum ve S.insanum ile türler arası melezlemelerden elde edilen iki adet melez (S.melongena × S.aethiopicum ve ((Topan374 × S.linnaeanum) × S.linnaeanum) ve patlıcanın kültür formunda 5 genotip olmak üzere toplam 9 genotip test edilmiştir. Testlemede hassas Falcon domates çeşidinden Bearman huni yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilen ikinci dönem larvaları kullanılmıştır. Deneme tesadüfi parselleri deneme desenine göre 10 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Bitkiler 2-4 yapraklı döneme ulaştığında her bir saksıya ortalama 1000 adet 2. dönem larva olacak şekilde, bitki kök boğazından 3-4 cm mesafede 2 cm derinliğe açılan dört oyuğa kök-ur nematodunun inokulasyonu yapılmıştır. Denemeye alınan patlıcan bitkilerinin 60 gün sonra sökümü yapılmıştır. Gal skalası Hartman ve Sasser (1985)’e göre değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirme sonucuna göre; köklerde 0-2 skala değeri alan bitkiler dayanıklı, 3-5 skala değeri alan bitkiler ise hassas olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu skalaya göre türler arası melezlemeden elde edilen melez birey ((Topan374 × S.linnaeanum) × S.linnaeanum), 2 skala değeri ile patlıcan ıslah çalışmaları için yeni bir dayanıklılık kaynağı olarak ümitvar bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meloidogyne incognita ırk 1
• ikinci dönem larva
• Bearman huni yöntemi
• yumurta kümesi
• dayanıklılık

Investigation Of Resistance Sources Against Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita In Eggplant

Öz

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are a global problem causing yield loss in eggplant cultivation. Cultivated forms of eggplant are susceptible to the pest, but resistance in their wild relatives is also limited. Identification of nematode resistant species is essential for breeding work. In this study, the reactions of some wild culture and wild forms and hybrids produced from wild forms were investigated against Meloidogyne incognita race 1, one of the most common root-knot nematodes in eggplant. Two hybrids (S.melongena × S.aethiopicum and ((Topan374 × S.linnaeanum) × S.linnaeanum) obtained from interspecies crosses with wild forms S.incanum and S.insanum in the study carried out at the Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute in 2021-2022. A total of nine genotypes, including five genotypes, were tested in the culture form of eggplant. Second stage larvae obtained from the sensitive Falcon tomato variety using the Baerman funnel method were used for testing. The experiment was set up in a randomized plot design with 10 replications. When the plants reached the 2-4 leaf stage, the root-knot nematode was inoculated into four cavities dug to a depth of 2 cm at a distance of 3-4 cm from the root collar of the plant, with an average of 1000 2nd stage larvae in each pot. The eggplant plants included in the experiment were harvested after 60 days. Gall scale was evaluated according to Hartman and Sasser (1985). According to the evaluation result; Plants with a scale value of 0-2 on the roots were determined as resistant, and plants with a scale value of 3-5 were determined as susceptible. According to this scale, the hybrid individual ((Topan374 × S.linnaeanum) × S.linnaeanum) obtained from interspecific crossing was found promising as a new resistance source for eggplant breeding studies with a scale value of 2.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meloidogyne incognita race 1
• second-stage juveniles (J2)
• Bearman funnel method
• egg mass
• resistance

Kaynakça

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