Vermikompost ve Karaisopod (Porcellio laevis) Gübre İlave Edilmiş Yetiştirme Ortamında Bazı Kimyasal Özelliklerin Değişimi

Öz

Günümüzde, solucan faaliyetiyle elde edilen vermikompost gibi materyaller sebze ve sebze fidesi üretiminde yetiştirme ortamının niteliklerini iyileştirmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca artan çevre duyarlılığı, yüksek girdi maliyetleri, atıkların geri dönüşümünün önem kazanması, toprak ve su kirliliğinin azaltılması isteği gibi nedenlerle farklı kaynakların anılan amaçla kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılmasına olan ilgi artmaktadır. Toprak makro faunasının önemli üyelerinden olan Porcellio laevis gibi karasal isopodlar hayvansal ve bitkisel atıkların dekompoze olmasında önemli bir rol oynayan dönüştürücü türlerdir. Çalışmada marul yetiştirme ortamına (toprak) farklı oranlarda (%1, %5, %10, %20) vermikompost ve isopod gübre ilavesi yapılmış ve ortamın yetiştirme öncesi ve sonrası (hasat sonu) bazı kimyasal özelliklerindeki değişimi incelenmiştir. Vermikompost ve isopod gübre ilavesi ortamdaki makro ve mikro besin element düzeylerinde artışa yol açmıştır. Diğer yandan her iki gübrede doz artışıyla ortam tuz miktarında artış görülmüş ancak bunun tuzluluğa yol açacak boyutta olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Hasat sonu analizlerde Mangan seviyesinde önemli azalmaların olduğu ve isopod gübre dozları artışıyla ortamda çinko miktarının lineer olarak yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ortamların hasat sonrası besin elementi seviyelerinin, fide ve bitki yetiştirme amacıyla tekrar kullanılabilir yeterlilikte olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• pH
• tuz
• organik madde
• besin elementi

Change of Some Chemical Properties in Growing Media Added Vermicompost and Terrestrial Isopod (Porcellio laevis) Fertilizer

Öz

Nowadays, materials such as vermicompost obtained by earthworm activity are used in the production of vegetables and vegetable seedlings to improve the quality of the growing medium. In addition, due to reasons such as increasing environmental awareness, high input costs, recycling of wastes, and the desire to reduce soil and water pollution, there is an increasing interest in investigating the usability of different resources for the mentioned purpose. Terrestrial isopods such as Porcellio laevis, essential members of the soil macrofauna, are transformative species that play an important role in the decomposition of livestock and agriculture wastes. In the study, vermicompost and isopod fertilizer were added to the lettuce growing medium (soil) at different rates (1%, 5%, 10%, 20%), and the changes in some chemical properties of the media before and after growing (end of harvest) were investigated. The addition of vermicompost and isopod fertilizers led to an increase in macro and micronutrient levels. In both fertilizers, an increase in the amount of salt was observed with the increase in dose, but it was determined that this was not at a level that would cause salinity. According to the result of the end-harvest analysis, there was a significant decrease in the manganese level and the amount of zinc in the growing media increased linearly by the increasing of isopod fertilizer doses. In addition, it was determined that the post-harvest nutrient levels of the media were adequate to reuse for seedling and plant growing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• pH
• salt
• organic matter
• nutrient element

Kaynakça

1. Anonymous, 1988. Vegetable production recommendations. Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Publication 363, Ontario, Canada, 78p.
2. Aktaş, T., Yüksel, O., 2020. Effects of vermicompost on aggregate stability, bulk density and some chemical characteristics of soils with different textures. Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty, 17(1):1-11.
3. Arin, L., Dincsoy, H., 2020. Effect of vermicompost and isopod (Porcellio laevis) fertilizers on the emergence and seedling quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata cv. Wismar). International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Science, 4(4):501-506.
4. Arin, L., Dinçsoy, H., Kar, S., 2021. Effect of vermicompost and terrestrial isopod (Porcellio laevis) fertilizers on the yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata cv. Wismar). International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology, 6(2):63-70.
5. Atiyeh, R.M., Subler, S., Edwards, C.A., Metzger, J., 1999. Growth of tomato plants in horticultural potting media amended with vermicompost. Pedobiologia. 43:724-729.
6. Azarmi, R., Giglou, M.T., Talesmikail, R.D., 2008. Influence of vermicompost on Soil chemical and physical properties in tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) field. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(14):2397-2401.
7. Bacigalupe, L.D., Araya, N.M., Carter, M.J., Catalán, T.P., Lardies, M.A., Bozinovic, F., 2007. Maternal effects, maternal body size and offspring energetics:a study in the common woodlouse Porcellio laevis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology-Part A 147:349-354.
8. Bellitürk, K., 2018. Vermicomposting in Turkey:challenges and opportunities in future. Eurasian Journal of Forest Science 6(4):32-41.

9. Bot, A., Benites, J. 2005. The importance of soil organic matter. FAO Soil Bulletin, Rome/Italy, 95p.
10. Dinç, U., 1999. Sulu tarım alanlarında tuzlulaşma ve alkalileşme. TEMA Vakfı Yayın No:30.
11. Drobne, D., 1997. Terrestrial isopods-a good choice for toxicity testing of pollutants in the terrestrial environment. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 16:1159-1164.
12. FAO, 1990. Micronutrient. Assessment at The Country Level:an International Study. FAO Soil Bulletin by Mikko Sillanpaa. Rome.
13. Garg, P., Gupta, A., Satya, S., 2006. Vermicomposting of different types of waste using Eisenia foetida:A comparative study. Bioresource Technology 97(3):391-395.
14. Görres, J.H., Bellitürk, K., 2012. Balancing vermicomposting benefits with conservation of soil and ecosystems at risk of earthworm invasions. 8. International Soil Science Congress on Land Degradation and Challenges in Sustainable Soil Management, May 15-17, Çeşme, İzmir, pp:302-306.
15. Horuz, A., 2019. Gübreleme. Marul Tarımı (Özel Sayı). Tarım Gündem Dergisi, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 78s.
16. Jadhav, P.B., Patel, D.J., Kireeti, A., Patil, N.B., Dekhane, S.S., Harad, N.B., Jadhav, K.P., 2014. Effect of different levels of vermicompost on growth and yield of radish cv. Local Variety. International Journal of Information Research and Review, 1(2):29-31.
17. Jahan, F.N., Shahjalal, A.T., Paul, A.K., Mehraj, H., Jamal, Uddin A.F.M., 2014. Efficacy of vermicompost and conventional compost on growth and yield of cauliflower. Bangladesh Research Publications Journal, 10(1):33-38.
18. Joshi, R., Vig, A.P., 2010. Effect of vermicompost on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 2(3-4):117-123.
19. Knott J.E., 1958. Vegetable Growing (5. Edition). Lea & Febie, Philadelphia, USA, 358p.
20. Köksal, S.B., Aksu, G., Altay, H., 2017. Vermikompostun bazı toprak özellikleri ve pazı bitkisinde verim üzerine etkisi. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2):123-128.
21. Lardies, M.A., Bozinovic, F., 2008. Genetic variation for plasticity in physiological and life-history traits among populations of an invasive species, the terrestrial isopod Porcellio laevis. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 10:747-762.
22. Lardies, M.A., Cotoras, I.S., Bozinovic, F., 2004. The energetics of reproduction and parental care in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio laevis. Journal of Insect Physiology. 50:1127-1135.
23. Lindsay, W.L., Norvell, W.A., 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of American Proceeding, 42:421-428.
24. Lorenz, O.A., Maynard, D.N., 1988. Knott’s handbook for vegetable growers (3. Edition). A Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York, 456p.
25. Loureiro, S., Sampaio, A., Brandão, A., Nogueira, A.J.A., Soares, A.M.V.M., 2006. Feeding behaviour of the terrestrial isopod Porcellionides pruinosus Brandt, 1833 (Crustacea, Isopoda) in response to changes in food quality and contamination. Science of the Total Environment 369(1-3):119-128.
26. Odendaal, J.P., Reinecke, A.J., 1999. Short-term toxicological effects of cadmium on the woodlouse Porcellio laevis (Crustacea, Isopoda). Ecotoxicology and Env. Safety 43:30-34.
27. Sevgican, A. 1999. Örtüaltı sebzeciliği (topraklı tarım). Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, İzmir, Yayın No:528, 302s.
28. Sharma, R.C., Banik, P., 2014. Vermicompost and fertilizer application:Effect on productivity and profitability of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.) and soil health. Compost Science & Utilization, 22:83-92.
29. Şalk, A., Arın, L., Deveci, M., Polat, S., 2008. Özel sebzecilik. Onur Grafik Matbaa ve Reklam Hizmetleri, İstanbul, 488s.
30. Tilman, D., 2020. Benefits of intensive agricultural intercropping. Nature Plants, 6:604-605.
31. Tuzel, Y., Oztekin, G., Tuzel, I.H., Duyar, H., 2020. Growing media in organic seedling production. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 57:603-610.
32. Zimmer, M., 2002. Nutrition in terrestrial isopods (Isopoda:Oniscidea):an evolutionary-ecological approach. Biological Reviews, 77:455-493.