İklim Değişikliğinin Sebze Üretimi Üzerine Etkileri ve Buna Karşı Adaptasyon Stratejilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

İklim değişikliğinin 1800’lü yıllarda gündeme geldiği, günümüzün en önemli araştırma konuları arasında yer aldığı, doğal olaylardan daha çok insan faaliyetleri sonucunda meydana geldiği birçok bilimsel kaynakta belirtilmektedir. Böylece hem ulusal hem de uluslararası çerçevede iklim değişikliğinin günümüzde ve gelecekte olası etkileri ve bu etkilere karşı alınabilecek önlemlerle ilgili olarak birtakım mevzuatlar oluşturulmuştur. İklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak küresel ısınmanın şüphesiz etkileyeceği en önemli alanlar arasında tarımsal uygulamalar gelmektedir. Türkiye tarımsal üretimi içerisinde 30 milyon 869 bin tonluk sebze üretimi ile dünyada dördüncü sırada yer almaktadır. Sebzeler, insan beslenmesi için oldukça önemli olup bahçe tarımı içerisinde geniş potansiyeli olan ürün grubunu içermektedir. İklim değişikliği sonucunda, biyotik ve abiyotik stres faktörlerinden kaynaklı bitkide fizyolojik faaliyetleri de büyük ölçüde etkileyeceği ön görülmektedir. Bundan dolayı da sebze üretiminde, verim ve kalitede düşüşlerin beklendiği, farklı literatürlerde yer almaktadır. Bu derlemede iklim değişikliği kapsamında sebze üretimini kısıtlayıp üretimi doğrudan tehdit edebilecek CO₂, CH₄ gibi gazların artmasından kaynaklı biyotik ve abiyotik faktörlerin bitki fizyolojisi üzerine etkileri ve söz konusu tehditlere karşı alınabilecek önlemler değerlendirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, iklim değişikliğine bağlı olarak sebze üretimindeki değişikliklerle beraber bu duruma uyum stratejilerini içeren çoğunlukla güncel (2010-2022) bilimsel çalışmaları özetleyerek sürdürülebilir sebze üretimi sorunlarına farklı görüşler derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Küresel ısınma
• sebze üretimi
• uyum
• yöntem

Effects of Climate Change on Vegetable Production and Evaluation of Adaptation Strategies

Öz

Climate change came to the fore in the 1800s, is among the most important research topics of today has been pointed out in many scientific sources, and that it occurs as a result of human activities rather than natural events. Thus, a number of legislations have been established regarding the possible effects of climate change today and in the future, and the measures that can be taken against these effects, both nationally and internationally. Agricultural practices are among the most important parts that will undoubtedly be affected by global warming due to climate change. Turkey ranks fourth in the world with 30 million 869 thousand tons of vegetable production. Vegetables are very important for human nutrition and include a large potential product group in horticulture. As a result of climate change, it is predicted that biotic and abiotic stress factors will greatly affect the physiological activities of the plant. Therefore, it is pointed in different literatures that decreases in yield and quality are expected in vegetable production. In this review, the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on plant physiology caused by the increase of gases such as CO₂, CH₄, which may limit vegetable production and directly threaten production within the scope of climate change, and the measures that can be taken against these threats are evaluated. Thus, by summarizing mainly current (2010-2022) scientific studies, which include changes in vegetable production due to climate change, as well as adaptation strategies to this situation, different views on the problems of sustainable vegetable production have been compiled.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Global warming
• vegetable production
• adaptation
• method

Kaynakça

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