Bağcılıkta Klon Seleksiyonu Metot Yaklaşımları

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 47 Sayı: (Özel Sayı 1) Türkiye 9. Bağcılık ve Teknolojileri Sempozyumu, 689 - 708, 28.06.2018

Zeki Kara

Öz

Bağcılıkta klon seleksiyonu endüstriyel olarak verim, kalite ve sürdürülebilirlik açısından tüm bağcı ülkelerde ilgi duyulan ve özenle çalışılan, üzüm çeşitleri ve bağcılığın geliştirilmesinin ilk adımlarından birisini oluşturan konulardan birisidir. Bu çalışmada Portekiz, Almanya, Macaristan ve İspanya gibi ülkelerde halen aktif olarak devam eden klon seleksiyon yaklaşımları ile OIV’nin 2017 yılında yayınladığı klon seleksiyonu standart protokolü incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir. Geçmişi birkaç yüzyılı bulan klon seleksiyonu yaklaşımı gelişen süreçte ülkelere göre temel yaklaşım olan belirli virüs hastalıkları başta olmak üzere sanitasyon ve genetik seleksiyon aşamalarından oluşmaktadır. Bunu yanı sıra yetiştirme tekniklerine uygunluk ve ürün kalitesi konularında dinamik bir yaklaşım vardır. Diğer taraftan birçok ülke uzun soluklu ve önemli maliyetleri olan seleksiyon çalışmalarına sektörün paydaşlarını da dahil etmektedir. Böylece çıktıların sektöre yayılmasının hızlandırması sağlanmaktadır. Seleksiyonda ileri düzeye ulaşıldığında, başka bir ifade ile tüm bağ alanları seçilmiş klonlardan tesis edildiğinde karşılaşılan bir durum ise global iklim değişikliği gibi yeni durumlar için genetik çeşitliliğin kaybıdır. Genetik stokun korunma programları ile seleksiyon programlarının uyumlulaştırılmasına gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Bu kapsamda asma genom yapısında moleküler ıslah için tanımlanan bölgelerin seleksiyon çalışmalarının başlangıcında tanımlanmış kriterler bakımından öne çıkamayan materyalin korunmasına yönelik programların geliştirilmesine katkı sunması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bağcılık , Klon Seleksiyonu , Metot

Clonal Selection Method Approaches in Viticulture

Öz

Clonal selection in Viniculture is one of the first steps in the improvement of grape varieties and viticulture, which are industrially efficient, quality and sustainable in all grapevine producer countries. In this study, clonal selection approaches currently active in Portugal, Germany, Hungary and Spain and OIV’s standard protocol for clone selection published in 2017 were evaluated. The approach of several hundred years old clonal selection consists of stages of sanitation and genetic selection, in particular of certain virus diseases, which is the main approach according to countries in the developing process. In addition to this, there is a dynamic approach to the quality of crops and the suitability of cultivation techniques. On the other hand, many countries include industry stakeholders in long-term and costly selection studies. Thus, the output of the output is accelerated. When reaching an advanced level in clearing, that is to say, when all the vineyards are established from selected clones, it is a loss of genetic diversity for new situations such as global climate change. There is a need for harmonization of genetic stock protection programs and selection programs. In this context, it is expected that the regions identified for molecular breeding in suspended genome construction will contribute to the development of programs for preserving material that cannot be distinguished in terms of the criteria defined at the beginning of the selection studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Viticulture , Clonal Selection , Method

Kaynakça

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