Determination of organic acid and polyphenol content in grape seeds obtained with pressurized water exraction

Abstract

In this study, using an eco–friendly extraction system, it is aimed to obtained extract has high polyphenol and organic acid content from black grape seeds which are one of the most important industrial waste for wine and grape juice. For this purpose grape seed extract was obtained by using pressurized water extractor on pilot scale at 50 bar, 50°C and 90 min and its polyphenol and organic acid content was determined by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Total phenolic content was found as 49.77% (w/w) in terms of gallic acid equivalent and antioxidant activity that was determined by DPPH method was 90.90% as inhibition, 98.13% as antiradical activity. As a result of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, tartaric, oxalic, L–malic acid and fumaric acid were found and the presence of hydroxytyrosol and (+)–catechin as polyphenol were revealed in extract. Grape seed extract is a commercially available product in the market. The extract obtained by the pressurized water extraction method, has a strong aroma and desirable stability with organic acids in the structure as well as the rich of polyphenols content. Thus, grape seed extract which is a higher quality and more prominent health effects will be possible to put on the market with the support of eco–friendly extraction method used.

Keywords

• pressurized water exraction,organic acid,polyphenols,grape seed

Basınçlı su ekstraksiyonuyla elde edilen üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktının polifenol ve organik asit içeriğinin belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada doğa dostu bir ekstraksiyon sistemi kullanılarak, şarap ve üzüm suyu sanayilerinin önemli atıklarından biri olan siyah üzüm çekirdeklerinden polifenol ve organik asit içeriği zengin bir ekstraktın elde edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla pilot ölçekte basınçlı su ekstraksiyonu sistemi yardımıyla 50 bar basınç altında, 50°C sıcaklıkta, 90 dk’da elde edilen üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktının polifenol ve organik asit içeriği, kromatografik ve spektroskopik yöntemlerle belirlenmiştir. Üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktının toplam fenolik madde miktarı gallik asit eş değeri cinsinden %49.77 (w/w) ve DPPH yöntemiyle belirlenen antioksidan aktivitesi % inhibisyon cinsinden 90.90, antiradikal etkinliği ise %98.13 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek performans sıvı kromatografisi (HPLC) analizi sonucunda organik asit olarak ekstrakt içerisinde sırasıyla tartarik, okzalik, L–malik ve fumarik asitlerin bulunduğu ve polifenol olarak hidroksitirosol ve (+)–kateşin’in olduğu tespit edilmilştir. Üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktı, piyasada ticari olarak satışı gerçekleşen bir üründür. Basınçlı su ekstraksiyonu yöntemiyle elde edilen ekstrakt, zengin polifenol içeriğinin yanısıra yapısındaki organik asitlerin varlığıyla güçlü bir aromaya ve arzu edilen stabiliteye sahiptir. Böylece bu çalışmada kullanılan basınçlı su ekstraksiyon yönteminin de desteğiyle, daha kaliteli ve sağlık etkileri daha baskın üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktının piyasaya sunulmasının mümkün olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• basınçlı su ekstraksiyonu,organik asitler,polifenoller,üzüm çekirdeği

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