Asmanın (Vitis spp.) Fungal Hastalıklarla Teşvik Edilen Savunma Mekanizması

Öz

Ülkemiz bağcılık için elverişli iklim ve toprak yapısına sahiptir. Ülkemizde ve dünyada en yaygın yetiştiriciliği yapılan tür Vitis vinifera L.’dir. Şaraplık, sofralık ve kurutmalık tüketime uygun bu türe ait çeşitlerin neredeyse tamamı fungal hastalıklara hassastır. Bu nedenle hastalıklarla mücadelede yoğun fungusit kullanımı zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Aşırı fungusit kullanımı nedeniyle insan ve çevre sağlığı olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Dünyadaki en önemli asma hastalıkları fungal patojenlerin sebep olduğu külleme (Uncinula necator syn. Erysiphe necator) ve mildiyö (Plasmopora viticola)’dür. Bağcılıkta bu hastalıklara dayanıklı çeşitlerin kullanımı ekonomik ve çevresel yönden önemli yararlar sağlayacaktır. Bitkide hastalıklara dayanıklılık bakımından bitki savunma mekanizması hayati öneme sahiptir. Hastalıkların kontrolü için bitkinin sahip olduğu savunma mekanizmasını harekete geçirmeye yönelik uygulamalar tarımsal üretimin sürdürülebilirliği ve insan–çevre sağlığını korumak açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bu makalede asmanın fungal hastalıklarla harekete geçen savunma mekanizmasının nasıl çalıştığı anlatılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dayanıklılık,savunma mekanizması,asma,hastalıklar

Grapevine (Vitis spp.) Defence Mechanism Triggered With Fungal Disease

Abstract

Our country has climate and soil structure suitable for viticulture. Vitis vinifera L. is the most common species in our country and in the world. Varieties of this species are suitable for consumption of wine, table and raisin but almost all of them are highly susceptible to fungal diseases. For this reason, applying very intensive fungicide to control diseases has become compulsory. Due to using a very high amount of fungicide, human and environmental health are affected adversely. The most important diseases of grapevine worldwide are powdery mildew (Uncinula necator syn. Erysiphe necator) and downy mildew (Plasmopora viticola), which were caused by the fungal pathogens. The use of resistance cultivars will result in significant economic and environmental benefits. Plant defense mechanism has vital importance in resistance to plant diseases. Practices to mobilize the defense mechanism of the plant for disease control are important in many respects such as sustainable agricultural production and the protection of human–environment health. This article explains how the defense mechanism of grapevine that acts with fungal disease works

Keywords

• Resistance,defense mechanism,grapevine,diseases

Kaynakça

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