Studies on seed germination of guava (Psidium guajava L.)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 1, 1 - 7, 29.03.2019

Nafiye Adak Recep Balkıç İlhami Tozlu Lokman Altınkaya Ahmet Soydal Hamide Gübbük

Öz

In guava, plants propagation from seeds shown heterogeneity due to open pollination as the other species. Therefore, propagation through seed is preferred for breeding and genetic studies. Vegetative propagules are commonly preferred for commercial orchard establishments. Although commercial scale guava orchards are not yet common in our country, the first orchard with a commercial variety, ‘Ruby Supreme’, has established in Antalya, Gazipaşa district. A considerable part of the existing orchard was established from seedlings. For this reason, the trees present in our country show significant variations. In order to benefit from these variations and to improve the germination rate and have homogeneous growth in the seedlings derived from future breeding studies, the effect of some preliminary treatments on the germination was investigated. For these reasons, eight different pretreatments were carried on seeds of Rubre Supreme’ guava variety to evaluate their effect on germination time, rate and speed (germination energy) and chlorophyll index value in greenhouse conditions. Pretreatments were including; (1), control, different time of incubations in; (2) 1 MPa PEG 6000 (three days), (3) 100 ppm GA₃ (60 minutes), (4) 50℃ water (60 minutes), (5) pure sulfuric acid (10 minutes), (6) sulfuric acid (10 minutes) + 1 MPa PEG 6000 (three days), (7) 100 ppm GA₃ (60 minutes) + 1 MPa PEG 6000 (three days) and (8) pure sulfuric acid (10 minutes) +100 ppm GA₃ (60 minutes). All the measures were found to be important except measures on chlorophyll index values of germinated seedlings. Germination rate were between 30% (Control)–100% (Treatment 5). Germination period were between 23.6 days (Treatment 5)–46.2 days (Control). The best germination energy was calculated on Treatment 4 and 5. Looking at all treatments, best overall performance was obtained treatment 5 and may be recommended to be used for guava seed pretreatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ruby supreme, germination energy, pre-treatment, pre-treated, PEG, GA3, sulfuric acid

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenmesi Üzerine Araştırmalar

Öz

Guavada tohumdan çoğaltılan bitkiler, diğer türlerde olduğu gibi yabancı tozlanmadan dolayı heterojenlik göstermektedir. Bu nedenle tohumla çoğaltma ancak ıslah ve genetik çalışmalarında kullanılmaktadır. Ticari bahçelerin tesisinde ise vejetatif çoğaltma yöntemleri tercih edilmektedir. Ülkemizde guavada henüz kapama bahçeler yaygın olmamakla birlikte, ticari çeşitle ilk bahçe kurulumu Antalya’nın Gazipaşa ilçesinde ‘Ruby Supreme’ çeşidi ile başlamıştır. Mevcut bahçelerin önemli bir kısmı ise tohumdan çoğaltılmış fidanlarla tesis edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, ülkemizde bulunan mevcut guava ağaçları önemli varyasyon göstermektedir. Bu varyasyonlardan yararlanmak ve ileride guavada yapılacak ıslah çalışmaları sonucunda, tohumlarda çimlenme oranını artırmak ve fidanlarda homojen gelişim sağlamak amacı planlanan bu çalışmada, tohumlara yapılan bazı ön işlemlerin çimlenme üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada materyal olarak, ‘Ruby Supreme’ çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Tohumlara sekiz farklı ön işlem uygulanmıştır. Bu ön işlemler sırası ile (1) Kontrol; (2) –1 MPa PEG 6000 (3 gün); (3) 100 ppm GA₃ (60 dakika); (4) 50℃ su (60 dakika); (5) saf sülfirik asit (10 dakika); (6) saf sülfürik asit (10 dakika) + –1 MPa PEG 6000 (3 gün); (7) 100 ppm GA₃ (60 dakika)+ 1 MPa PEG 6000 (3 gün); (8) saf sülfürik asit (10 dakika) +100 ppm GA₃ (60 dakika) çözeltilerinde bekletme şekilde planlanmıştır. Araştırmada, uygulamaların çimlenme oranı, süresi ve hızı (çimlenme enerjisi) ile klorofil indeksi değerleri üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Klorofil indeks değerleri dışında, incelenen tüm kriterler üzerine uygulamaların etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Çimlenme oranı uygulamalara göre değişmekle birlikte, %30 (kontrol) ile %100 (Uygulama 5) arasında saptanmıştır. Çimlenme süresi, 23.6 gün (Uygulama 5) ile 46.2 gün (Kontrol) arasında değişim göstermiştir. En yüksek çimlenme enerjisi Uygulama 4 ve Uygulama 5’de belirlenmiştir. Tüm uygulamalar göz önüne alındığında, incelenen kriterler açısından tohumların saf sülfürik asitte 10 dakika bekletme (Uygulama 5) uygulaması guava tohumlarının çimlenmesi açısından en başarılı uygulama olarak tavsiye edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ruby Supreme, çimlenme enerjisi, ön uygulama, PEG, GA3, sülfürik asit

Kaynakça

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