Bazı Turunçgil Anaçlarında Farklı Enzim ve Besin Ortamı Konsantrasyonlarının Yaprak Protoplast İzolasyonuna Etkileri
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 45 Sayı: (Özel Sayı 1) 7. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, 881 - 886, 31.03.2016
Berken Çimen
,
Turgut Yeşiloğlu
,
Bilge Yılmaz
,
Meral İncesu
,
Yıldız Aka Kaçar
Öz
Protoplast füzyonu ile bitki somatik melezlemesi turunçgil çeşit ve anaç ıslah programlarında farklı çeşit, tür ve cinslerle kombinasyon oluşturma olanağı sağlaması bakımından önemli bir araçtır. Protoplast izolasyonu somatik melezlemenin ilk ve en önemli aşaması olmakla birlikte mevcut protokollerin etkinliği kullanılan genotipe bağlı olarak farklılık gösterebilmektedir. Bu amaçla, üçer farklı konsantrasyonda enzim solüsyonu ve besin ortamı kullanılarak, turunçgillerde abiyotik ve biyotik stres koşullarına toleransı yüksek, anaç olarak kullanılan Yerli üç yapraklı ile Alanya Dilimli portakalı, Severinia buxifolia ve Eremocitrus glauca genotiplerinde protoplast izolasyon çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Farklı izolasyon koşullarının protoplast verimliliğine etkisi hemositometre yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan sayımlarla belirlenmiştir. Genotipler arasında en düşük protoplast verimliliği tüm uygulamalarda Eremocitrus glauca’dan, en yüksek ise Alanya Dilimli portakalından elde edilmiştir. En yüksek protoplast miktarı 1.82×106 P/ml ile Alanya Dilimli portakalı yapraklarında 4 ml enzim solüsyonu + 8 ml 0.6 M BH3 besin solüsyonu kullanılarak yapılan izolasyonda bulunmuştur. En düşük protoplast verimliliği ise 0.27×106 P/ml ile 2 ml enzim solüsyonu + 10 ml 0.6 M BH3 besin solüsyonuyla Eremocitrus glauca yapraklarından yapılan izolasyondan elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada farklı turunçgil anaçları için etkin protoplast izolasyon koşullarının belirlenmesi, bu genotipler kullanılarak yapılacak somatik melezleme çalışmaları açısından önem taşımaktadır.
Kaynakça
-
Assani, A., Haicour, R., Wenzel, G., Cote, F., Bakry, F., Foroughi-Wehr, B., Ducreux, G., Aguillar, M.E., Grapin, A., 2001. Plant regeneration from protoplasts of dessert banana cv. ‘Grande Naine’ (Musa spp., Cavendish sub-group AAA) via somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Rep 20:482-488.
-
Chamani, E., Tahami, S.K., Zare, N., Zakaria, R.A, Mohebodini, M., Joyce, D., 2012. Effect of different cellulase and pectinase enzyme treatments on protoplast isolation and viability in Lilium ledebeourii Bioss. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 40(2):123-128.
-
Dambier, D., Benyahia, H., Pensabene-Bellavia, G., Kacar, Y. A., Froelicher, Y., Belfalah, Z., Ollitrault, P., 2011. Somatic hybridization for citrus rootstock breeding:an effective tool to solve some important issues of the Mediterranean citrus industry. Plant Cell Reports, 30(5):883-900.
-
Davies, F.S., Albrigo, L.G., 1994. Citrus. Redwood Books. Trowbridge, Wiltshire, Great Britain. 254s.
-
FAO, 2014. Agricultural Statistical Database. http://www.fao.org
-
Frearson, E.M., Power, J.B., Cocking, E.C., 1973. The isolation, culture and regeneration of Petunia leaf protoplasts. Dev. Biol., 33:130-137.
-
Grosser, J.W., Gmitter, F.G. Jr, 2011. Protoplast fusion for production of tetraploids and triploids: applications for scion and rootstock breeding in citrus. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 104:343–357.
-
Grosser, J.W., Louzada, E.S., Gmitter, F.G., Chandler, J.L., 1994. Somatic hybridization of complementary citrus rootstocks: Five new hybrids. Hortscience, 29(7):812-813.
-
Nagata, T., Takede, H., 1984. Isolation and culture of protoplast tobacco. In: Vasil L (Ed.). Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetic of Plants, 328-337. Academic Press, New York-London.
-
Rasheed, J.H., Al-Mallah, M.K., Cocking, E.C., Davey, M.R., 1990. Root hair protoplasts of Lotus corniculatus L. (birds foot trefoil) express their totipotency. Plant Cell Rep 8:565-569.
-
Saker, S.S., Neuman, K.H., Badawy, E.M., El-bahr, M.K., Taha, H.S., 1999. Isolation and culturing of protoplasts from Hypericum perforatum L. Arab. J. Biotech., 2:227-234.
-
Saxena, P.K., Gill, R., Rashid, A., 1987. Optimal conditions for plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Scientia Horticulturae. 31(3):185-194.
Effects of Different Enyzmes and Culture Medium Concentrations on Leaf Protoplast Isolation of Some Citrus Rootstocks
Yıl 2016,
Cilt: 45 Sayı: (Özel Sayı 1) 7. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, 881 - 886, 31.03.2016
Berken Çimen
,
Turgut Yeşiloğlu
,
Bilge Yılmaz
,
Meral İncesu
,
Yıldız Aka Kaçar
Öz
Somatic hybridization by protoplast fusion has become an important tool for citrus variety and rootstock breeding programs in respect to generate different recombinations between different cultivars, species and genus. Protoplast isolation from tissues is the first and most important step in somatic hybridization. Besides the efficiency of existing protocols may vary depending on the genotype used. For this purpose, protoplast isolation studies using three different enzymes and culture media conditions were carried out in the leaves of local trifoliate, Alanya common orange, Severinia buxifolia and Eremocitrus glauca which are used as citrus rootstocks with high levels of tolerances to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Effects of different isolation conditions on the efficiency of protoplast number were calculated by using hemocytometer cell counting method. In all different isolation conditions, the lowest protoplast number per ml was observed from the leaves of Eremocitrus glauca whereas the highest isolation efficiency was recorded in the leaves of Alanya common orange. The highest protoplast yield was recorded from the leaves of Alanya common orange with 1.82×106 P/ml under 4 ml enzymatic solution + 8 ml 0.6 M BH3 culture medium. On the other hand, the lowest protoplast yield was determined in the leaves of Eremocitrus glauca with 0.27×106 P/ml under 2 ml enzymatic solution + 10 ml 0.6 M BH3 culture medium. In the present study, determining the efficient protoplast isolation conditions for different citrus rootstock has a great importance for the further somatic hybridization studies that will be conducted using the same genotypes.
Kaynakça
-
Assani, A., Haicour, R., Wenzel, G., Cote, F., Bakry, F., Foroughi-Wehr, B., Ducreux, G., Aguillar, M.E., Grapin, A., 2001. Plant regeneration from protoplasts of dessert banana cv. ‘Grande Naine’ (Musa spp., Cavendish sub-group AAA) via somatic embryogenesis. Plant Cell Rep 20:482-488.
-
Chamani, E., Tahami, S.K., Zare, N., Zakaria, R.A, Mohebodini, M., Joyce, D., 2012. Effect of different cellulase and pectinase enzyme treatments on protoplast isolation and viability in Lilium ledebeourii Bioss. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 40(2):123-128.
-
Dambier, D., Benyahia, H., Pensabene-Bellavia, G., Kacar, Y. A., Froelicher, Y., Belfalah, Z., Ollitrault, P., 2011. Somatic hybridization for citrus rootstock breeding:an effective tool to solve some important issues of the Mediterranean citrus industry. Plant Cell Reports, 30(5):883-900.
-
Davies, F.S., Albrigo, L.G., 1994. Citrus. Redwood Books. Trowbridge, Wiltshire, Great Britain. 254s.
-
FAO, 2014. Agricultural Statistical Database. http://www.fao.org
-
Frearson, E.M., Power, J.B., Cocking, E.C., 1973. The isolation, culture and regeneration of Petunia leaf protoplasts. Dev. Biol., 33:130-137.
-
Grosser, J.W., Gmitter, F.G. Jr, 2011. Protoplast fusion for production of tetraploids and triploids: applications for scion and rootstock breeding in citrus. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture 104:343–357.
-
Grosser, J.W., Louzada, E.S., Gmitter, F.G., Chandler, J.L., 1994. Somatic hybridization of complementary citrus rootstocks: Five new hybrids. Hortscience, 29(7):812-813.
-
Nagata, T., Takede, H., 1984. Isolation and culture of protoplast tobacco. In: Vasil L (Ed.). Cell Culture and Somatic Cell Genetic of Plants, 328-337. Academic Press, New York-London.
-
Rasheed, J.H., Al-Mallah, M.K., Cocking, E.C., Davey, M.R., 1990. Root hair protoplasts of Lotus corniculatus L. (birds foot trefoil) express their totipotency. Plant Cell Rep 8:565-569.
-
Saker, S.S., Neuman, K.H., Badawy, E.M., El-bahr, M.K., Taha, H.S., 1999. Isolation and culturing of protoplasts from Hypericum perforatum L. Arab. J. Biotech., 2:227-234.
-
Saxena, P.K., Gill, R., Rashid, A., 1987. Optimal conditions for plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Scientia Horticulturae. 31(3):185-194.