Süs Bitkilerinde Kriyoprezervasyon (Ultra Soğuk Koşullarda Dondurularak Muhafaza) Yönteminin Kullanımı

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 45 Sayı: (Özel Sayı 1) 7. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, 962 - 966, 31.03.2016

Ümran Şenel

Öz

Süs bitkileri sektörünün ekonomik olarak önemi ülkemizde ve dünyada her geçen yıl artmaktadır. Her yıl tüketici taleplerine göre yeni çeşitler üretilmektedir. Yeni ve eski pek çok çeşit önemli ıslah materyali kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Bu noktada da bu genetik kaynakların korunması ve muhafazası çok önemlidir. Günümüzde genetik kaynaklarının uzun süreli muhafazası gen bankalarında in vitro koşullarda sağlanabilmektedir. Bu yöntemin pek çok avantajı olmasına rağmen, bu uzun süreli muhafazanın ekonomik yükü ağır olmakla birlikte, kontaminasyon kayıpları ve somaklonal varyasyon gibi dezavantajları da bulunmaktadır. Kriyoprezervasyon yöntemi bu konuda büyük önem arz etmektedir. Dünyada pek çok bitki türünde bu yöntem kullanılmasına rağmen, süs bitkilerindeki kullanımı istenilen seviyede değildir. Bu derlemede kriyoprezervasyon yönteminin süs bitkilerinde kullanımı irdelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kriyoprezervasyon , süs bitkileri , soğuk koşullar

Usage of Cryopreservation Method in Ornamental Plants

Öz

Economic importance of ornamental plants sector is increasing every year in our country and around the world. Every year, new varieties are being produced according to consumer demand. Many kinds of new and old-fashioned cultivars are an important source of breeding material. At this point, the protection and storage of these genetic resources is very important. Today, the long-term conservation of genetic resources can be obtained in gene banks under in vitro cultures. Although there are many advantages of this method, long term storage has heavy economic burden and there are also other disadvantages such as contamination losses and soma clonal variation. In this regard, cryopreservation has great importance. Although this method is being used in many plant species in the world, usage in ornamental plants is not at the desired level. In this review, use of cryopreservation method in ornamental plants were examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cryopreservation , ornamental plant

Kaynakça

• Baktır, İ., 2013. Türkiye’de süs bitkilerinin dünü, bugünü ve yarını. 5. Süs Bitkileri Kongresi, 6-8 Mayıs 2013, Yalova, 1:13-16.
• Benson, E.E., 2008. Cryo preservation theory. In: Reed B.M. (Ed) Plant cryopreservation: A practical guide Springer, USA, pp:15-3.
• Bouman, H., Tiekstra, A., Petutschnig, E., Homan, M., Schreurs, R., 2003. Cryopreservation of Lilium species and cultivars. Acta Hort. 612:147-154.
• Cruz, C.A.C., Gonzalez-Amao, M.T., Engelmann, F., 2013. Biotechnology and conservation of plant biodiversity. Resources, 2:73-95.
• Engelmann, F., 2004. Plant cryopreservation: Progress and prospects. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 40(5):427-433.
• Engelmann, F., 2010. Use of biotechnology for the conservation of plant biodiversity. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, doi:10.1007/Sİ1627-010-9327-2.
• Fukai, S., Goi, M., Tanaka, M., 1991-a. Cryopreservation of shoot tips of Caryophyllaceae ornamentals. Euphytica 56:149-153.
• Fukai, S., Goi, M., Tanaka, M., 1991-b. Cryopreservation of shoot tips of Chrysanthemum morifolium and related species native to Japan. Euphytica 54:201-204.
• Galdiano J.R. et all., 2012. Cryopreservation of Dendrobium hybrid seeds and protocorms as affected by phloroglucinol and Supercool X1000. Scientia Horticulturae, 148:154-160, 2012.
• Gonzalez-Arnao, M.T., Engelmann, F., 2006. Cryopreservation of plant germplasm using the encapsulation-dehydration technique: Review and case study on sugarcane. Cryo Letters 27:155-168.
• Gonzalez-Amao, M.T., Panta, A., Roca, W.M., Escobar, R.H., Engelmann, F., 2008. Development and large-scale application of cryopreservation techniques for shoot and somatic embryo cultures of tropical crops. Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult., 92:1-13.
• Halmagyi, A., Fischer-Kluver, G., Mix-Wagner, G., Schumacher, H.M., 2004. Cryopreservation of Chrysanthemum morifolium (Dendranthema grandiflora Ramat) using different approaches. Plant Cell Rep. 22:371-375.
• Halmagyi, A., Pinker, I., 2006. Plant regeneration from Rosa shoot tips cryopreserved by a combined droplet vitrification method. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 84:145-153.
• Halmagyi A, Deliu C., 2007. Cryopreservation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) shoot tips by encapsulation vitrification. Sci. Hort., 113:300-306.
• Kartha, K.K., Engelmann, F., 1994. Cryopreservation and germplasm storage. In: Vasil I. K.; Thorpe T.A. (Eds). Plant cell and tissue culture. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 195-230.
• Kaviani, B., Safari-Motlagh, M.R., Padasht Dehkaei, M.N., Darabi, A.H., Rafizadeh, A., 2008. Cryopreservation of lily [Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Bioss. germplasm by ED. Int. J. Bot., 4(4):491-493.
• Kaviani B, Hashemabadi D, Mohammadi Torkashvand A, Sedaghathoor S., 2009. Cryopreservation of seeds of lily [Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Bioss.]:Use of sucrose and dehydration. African J. Biotech., 8:3809-3810.
• Kaviani, B., Padasht Dehkaei, M.N., Hashemabadi, D., Darabi, A.H., 2010. Cryopreservation of Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Bioss. by encapsulation-vitrification and in vivo media for planting of germplasm. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 8 (5):556-560.
• Kaviani, B., 2011. Conservation of plant genetic resources by cryopreservation. AJCS 5(6):778-800.
• Kim, H.M., Shin, J.H., Sohn, J.K., 2004. Cryopreservation of zygotic embryos of herba-ceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) by encapsulation-dehydration. Korean J. Crop Sci., 49(4):354-357.
• Kim, S.W., Oh, M.J., 2009. Establishment of plant regeneration and cryopreservation system from zygotic embryo-derived embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Ranunculus kazusensis. Methods Mol. Biol. 547:107-115.
• Korkut, A., Yıldırım, T., Görür, G., Çakmak, S., 1995. Türkiye'de süs bitkileri tüketim projeksiyonları ve üretim hedefleri. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği Teknik Kongresi, 9-13 Ocak 1995, Ankara, T.C. Ziraat Bankası Kültür Yayın No:26, 697-714.
• Kulus, D., Zalewska, M., 2014. Cryopreservation as a tool used in long-term storage of ornamental species -A review. Scientia Horticulturae, 168:88-107.
• Mikula, A., Fiuk, A., Rybczynski, J.J., 2005. Induction, maintenance and preservation of embryogenic competence of Gentiana cruciata L. cultures. Acta Biol. Crac. Bot., 47:227-236.
• Moges, A.D., Shibli, R.A., Karam, N.S., 2004. Cryopreservation of African Violet (Saintpaulia ionantha Wendl.) shoot tips. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant., 40:389-395.
• Ozudogru, E.A., Previati, A., Lambardi, M., 2010. In vitro conservation and cryopreservation of ornamental plants. Protocol for in vitro propagation of ornamental plants, methods in molecular biology, 589, 303-324.
• Panis, B., Lambardi, M., 2005. Status of cryopreservation technologies in plants (crops and forest trees). The role of biotechnology, Villa Gualino, Turin, Italy, 5-7 March, 2005.
• Reed, B.M., Uchendu, E., 2008. Controlled rate cooling. In: Reed, B.M. (Ed) Plant cryo preservation: a practical guide. Springer, Berlin, 77-92.
• Sakai, A., Engelmann, F., 2007. Vitrification, encapsulation-vitrification and droplet-vitrification: A review. Cryo Letters, 28:151-172.
• Sekizawa, K., Yamamoto, S., Rafique, T., Fukui, K., Niino, T., 2011. Cryopreservation of in vitro-grown shoot tips of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) by vitrification method using aluminum cryo-plates. Plant Biotechnol., 28:401-405.
• Tanaka, D., Niino, T., Isuzugawa, K., Hikage, T., Uemura, M., 2004. Cryopreservation of shoot apices of in vitro-grown gentian plants: Comparison of vitrification and encapsulation-vitrification protocols. Cryo Letters 25:167-176.
• Taşkın, T., 2008. Bitki genetik kaynakların korunmasında dondurarak muhafaza (Cryopreservation) teknikleri ve uygulamaları. Anadolu, J. of AARI, 18(2):62-78.
• Wang, J.H., 1998. Cryopreservation of seeds and protocorms of Dendrobium candidum. Cryo Letters, 19:123-128.
• Withers, L.A., Engelmann, F., 1998. In vitro conservation of plant genetic resources. In: Altman, A., (Ed) Biotechnology in agriculture. Marcel Dekker, New York, 57-88.
• Yan, W.Y.L., 2006. Cryopreservation of Photinia serrulata shoot-tips by vitrification. Sci. Silvae Sin. 12:23.
• Yamamoto, S., Rafique, T., Priyantha, W.S., Fukui, K., Matsumoto, T., Niino, T., 2011. Development of a cryopreservation procedure using aluminum cryo-plates. Cryo Letters 32:256-265.