Bezelye Tohumlarında Su Zararı, Canlılık ve Kromozom Bozulmaları Üzerine Hidrasyon Uygulamalarının Etkileri

Yıl 1995, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1-2, 93 - 102, 31.12.1995

Hüseyin Özkan Sivritepe

Öz

Yüksek ve düşük nem kapsamlarındaki bezelye (Pisum sativum L.) tohumlarının, yüksek ve düşük canlılıklardaki tohum grupları suda farklı periyotlarda bekletilmiştir. Tohum canlılığı ile tohumların su zararına hassasiyeti arasında negatif bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, vakumla kurutma sonrasında elde edilen düşük nem kapsamındaki bezelye tohumlarının başlangıç canlılığı, su zararında etkili olan önemli bir faktör olarak belirlenmiştir. Su zararını önlemek ya da minimum düzeye indirmek ve ayrıca yaşlanmadan kaynaklanan genetik bozulmaların onarımını sağlamak için yüksek ve düşük nem kapsamındaki bezelye tohumlarına humidifikasyon uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Çimlenme öncesi yapılan humidifikasyon uygulamaları, bezelye tohumlarında su zararının meydana gelmesini önlemiştir. Ayrıca, bütün bezelye tohum gruplarında, ilk mitoz bölünmelerdeki kromozomal bozulma gösteren anafaz hücrelerinin frekansında azalma olduğu belirlenmiştir. Humidifikasyon uygulamalarından sonra, kromozomal bozulma gruplarından en çok kromatid-tipi bozulmalarda azalma olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bezelye , Su Zararı , Canlılık , Kromozom , Hidrasyon

The Effects of Hydration Treatments on Imbibition Injury, Viability and Chromosomal Aberrations in Pea Seeds

Öz

High and low viability samples of high and low moisture content pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed lots were soaked in distilled water for various periods of time. It was concluded that in pea seeds there was a negative correlation between seed viability and susceptibility of pea seeds to imbibition injury. Moreover, it was determined that the initial viability of pea seeds was an important factor affecting imbibition injury after desiccation to low moisture contents. In order to avoid or minimize imbibition injury and possibly recover any damage which resulted from ageing, humidification treatments were conducted in high and low moisture content pea seed lots. These observations confirmed that imbibition injury could be removed by using pre-germination humidification treatments. Furthermore, the frequency of anaphase cells which showed chromosomal damage at the first mitotic divisions decreased in all pea seed lots. The greatest reduction was observed in chromatid-type aberrations, following humidification treatments.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Peas , Water Damage , Vitality , Chromosome , Hydration

Kaynakça

• Basu, R.N. and P. Pal, 1980. Control of rice seed deterioration by hydration-dehydration pretreatments. Seed Sci. & Technol., 8:151-160.
• Bewley, J.D. and M. Black, 1985. Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination. 367 pp. Plenum Press, New York.
• D’Amato, F., 1951. Spontaneous chromosome mutations in seedling of Pisum sativum L. Caryologia, 3:285-293.
• Dourado, A.M., 1983. Genetic deterioration in aged barley (Hordeum distichon L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. PhD Thesis, University of Reading, U.K.
• Ellis, R.H. and E.H. Roberts, 1982. Desic-cation, rehydration, germination, imbibition injury and longevity of pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) Seed Sci. & Technol., 10:501-508.
• Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong and E.H. Roberts, 1985. Handbook of seed technology for gene banks. Vol.1. Principle and theology, 210 pp. International Board for Plant Genetic Resources, Rome.
• Ellis, R.H., T.D. Hong and E.H. Roberts, 1990. Effect of moisture content and method of rehydration on the susceptibility of pea seeds to imbibition damage. Seed Sci. & Technol., 18:131-137.
• Ellis, R.H., K. Osei-Bonsu and E.H. Roberts, 1982. Desiccation and germination of seed of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Seed Sci. & Technol., 10:509-515.
• Gray, D., 1989. Improving the quality of horticultural seeds. Professional Hort., 3:117-123.
• Harrison, J.G., 1973. Localization of damage incurred during water imbibition by Pisum sativum and Zea mays seeds, as revealed by the topographic tetrazolium test. Hort. Res., 13:119-124.
• Heydecker, W. and P. Coolbear, 1977. Seed treatments for improved performance-survey and attempted prognosis. Seed Sci. & Technol., 5:353-425.
• ISTA, 1985-a. International Rules for Seed Testing. Rules 1985. Seed Sci. & Technol., 13:299-355.
• ISTA, 1985-b. International Rules for Seed Testing. Annexes 1985. Seed Sci. & Technol., 13:356-513.
• Larson, L.A., 1968. The effect soaking pea seeds with or without seedcoats has on seedling growth. Plant Physiol., 43:255-259.
• Powell, A.A. and S. Matthews, 1977. Deteriorative changes in pea seeds stored in humid or dry conditions. J. Exp. Bot., 28:225-234.
• Powell, A.A. and S. Matthews, 1978. The damaging effect of water on dry pea embryos during imbibition. J. Exp. Bot., 29:1215-1229.
• Rao, N.K., 1986. Chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations induced in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seeds during storage, 214 pp. PhD Thesis, University of Reading, U.K.
• Rao, N.K., E.H. Roberts and R.H. Ellis, 1987. The influence of pre- and post-storage hydration treatments on chromosomal aberrations, seedling abnormalities, and viability of lettuce seeds. Ann. Bot., 60:97-108.
• Rowland, G.G. and L.V. Gusta, 1977. Effects of soaking, seed moisture content, temperature and seed leakage on germination of faba beans (Vicia faba) and peas (Pisum sativum). Can. J. Pl. Sci., 57:401-406.
• Simon, E.W. and R.H. Raja Harun, 1972. Leakage during seed imbibition. J. Exp. Bot., 23:1076-1085.
• Sivritepe, H.Ö., 1992. Genetic deterioration and repair in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds during storage. 227p. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bath, England.
• Sivritepe, H.Ö. and A.M. Dourado, 1994. The effects of humidification treatments on viability and the accumulation of chromosomal aberrations in pea seeds. Seed Sci. &Technol., 22:337-348.