Blockchain Based Information Sharing Mechanism for Cyber Threat Intelligence

Öz

In recent years, networked computers are extensively used in every aspect of our daily lives. Besides, the anonymous structure of the Internet results in an increase in the number of attacks not only for individual users but also for local area networks. Current attacks are more sophisticated, and they are developed by experienced intruders with the use of automated malware production methods. These organized intrusions can go over the defense lines of the systems due to the weakness of the detection/prevention mechanisms or carelessness of individual users. After sneaking into the system, these attacks can work until they are detected, and they can access many critical resources of the company. Earlier detection of these attacks is very trivial issue for the security admins. This can be accomplished by acquiring the signature (critical information) of the newest attacks as early as possible. One suggested solution is the use of a Threat Information Sharing system, which is set up between security firms and authorities. This approach enables the distribution of the marks of the recent (zero-day) attacks and the development of some proactive prevention mechanisms for them. The use of both peer to peer and centralized sharing mechanisms have some inherited deficiencies. Therefore, in this paper, a pure decentralized cyber security information sharing system is proposed with the use of blockchain technology. A controlled decision-making mechanism, authorization termination, and rule-sets maintenance are proposed to make distributed decisions within the system. For making a decision, two smart contracts should be used in the blockchain. One holds the positive votes while the other holds the negative ones. Members of the system are able to access cyber threat data by using company-related queries. The system can facilitate the integration of many data sources into cyber security management system. Additionally, it enables to collect in a single repository that can be accessed for implementing real-time cyber security applications.    

Anahtar Kelimeler

• blockchain
• cyber threat intelligence
• information sharing
• controlled decision-making mechanism
• smart contract

Kaynakça

1. [1] Ninth Annual Cost Of Cybercrime Study, THE COST OF CYBERCRIME, https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/pdf-6/accenture-2019-cost-of-cybercrime-study-final.pdf, The Last Access: October 2019
2. [2] PhishTank | Join the fight against phishing, https:// www.phishtank.com/ , The Last Access: October 2019
3. [3] IBM X-Force Exchange, https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud .com/, The Last Access: October 2019
4. [4] AutoFocus Threat Intelligence, https://www.paloaltonetworks .com/products/secure-the-network/subscriptions/autofocus , The Last Access: October 2019
5. [5] LogRhythm Threat Lifecycle Management (TLM) Platform, https://logrhythm.com/products/threat-lifecycle-management-platform/, The Last Access: October 2019
6. [6] iSIGHT Intelligence Subscriptions, https://www.fireeye. com/products/isight-cyber-threat-intelligence-subscriptions .html, The Last Access: October 2019
7. [7] LookingGlass Cyber Solutions, https://www.lookingglasscyber .com/ , The Last Access: October 2019
8. [8] Normshield Free Cyber Threat Intelligence, https://services. normshield.com/honeypotfeed , The Last Access: October 2019

9. [9] Z. Zheng, S. Xie, H. N. Dai, H. Wang, “Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey. Work Pap”, 2016.
10. [10] S. Nakamoto. “Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system.”, 2008.
11. [11] G. Foroglou, A. L. Tsilidou, “Further applications of the blockchain.”, 2015.
12. [12] A. Kosba, A. Miller, E. Shi, Z. Wen, C. Papamanthou, “Hawk: The blockchain model of cryptography and privacy-preserving smart contracts.”, In Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), pages 839–858, San Jose, CA, USA, 2016.
13. [13] B. W. Akins, J. L. Chapman, J. M. Gordon, “A whole new world: Income tax considerations of the bitcoin economy.”, 2013.
14. [14] Y. Zhang, J. Wen, “An IOT electric business model based on the protocol of bitcoin.”, In Proceedings of 18th International Conference on Intelligence in Next Generation Networks (ICIN), pages 184–191, Paris, France, 2015.
15. [15] M. Sharples, J. Domingue, “The blockchain and kudos: A distributed system for educational record, reputation and reward.”, In Proceedings of 11th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL 2015), pages 490–496, Lyon, France, 2015.
16. [16] C. Noyes, “Bitav: Fast anti-malware by distributed blockchain consensus and feedforward scanning.”, arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.01405, 2016.
17. [17] NRI, “Survey on blockchain technologies and related services. Technical report”, 2015.
18. [18] L. Lamport, R. Shostak, M. Pease. “The byzantine generals problem.”, ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS), 4(3):382–401, 1982.
19. [19] N. Szabo. “The idea of smart contracts”, 1997.
20. [20] G. Wood. “Ethereum: A secure decentralized generalized transaction ledger.”, Ethereum Project Yellow Paper, 2014.
21. [21] FireHOL IP Lists | IP Blacklists | IP Blocklists | IP Reputation, http://iplists.firehol.org/, The Last Access: October 2019
22. [22] K. Lee, J. I. James, T. G. Ejeta, H. J. Kim, “Electronic voting service using block-chain.”, The Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law: JDFSL, 11(2), 123, 2016
23. [23] G. Foroglou, A. L. Tsilidou, “Further applications of the blockchain.”, In 12th Student Conference on Managerial Science and Technology, 2015.
24. [24] Z. Zheng, S. Xie, H. N. Dai, H. Wang, “Blockchain challenges and opportunities: A survey.”, International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 14(4), 352-375, 2018