Document Classification with Contextually Enriched Word Embeddings
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 90 - 97, 01.03.2024
Raad Saadi Mahmood
,
Mehmet Gökhan Bakal
,
Ayhan Akbaş
Öz
The text classification task has a wide range of application domains for distinct purposes, such as the classification of articles, social media posts, and sentiments. As a natural language processing application, machine learning and deep learning techniques are intensively utilized in solving such challenges. One common approach is employing the discriminative word features comprising Bag-of-Words and n-grams to conduct text classification experiments. The other powerful approach is exploiting neural network-based (specifically deep learning models) through either sentence, word, or character levels. In this study, we proposed a novel approach to classify documents with contextually enriched word embeddings powered by the neighbor words accessible through the trigram word series. In the experiments, a well-known web of science dataset is exploited to demonstrate the novelty of the models. Consequently, we built various models constructed with and without the proposed approach to monitor the models' performances. The experimental models showed that the proposed neighborhood-based word embedding enrichment has decent potential to use in further studies.
Etik Beyan
The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
Destekleyen Kurum
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Kaynakça
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of a patent document classification and search platform using a backpropagation
network,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 31, no. 4,
pp. 755–765, 2006.
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in text document classification,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1003.1795, 2010.
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efficient text classification,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.01759, 2016.
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Word2vec and doc2vec in analysis of scientific and medical texts,” SN
Computer Science, vol. 2, pp. 1–11, 2021.
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19 tweets,” in 2021 6th International Conference on Computer Science
and Engineering (UBMK). IEEE, 2021, pp. 287–291.
- [6] B. J. Marafino, J. M. Davies, N. S. Bardach, M. L. Dean, and R. A.
Dudley, “N-gram support vector machines for scalable procedure and
diagnosis classification, with applications to clinical free text data from
the intensive care unit,” Journal of the American Medical Informatics
Association, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 871–875, 2014.
- [7] A. Graves, S. Fern´andez, and J. Schmidhuber, “Bidirectional lstm networks
for improved phoneme classification and recognition,” in Artificial
Neural Networks: Formal Models and Their Applications–ICANN 2005:
15th International Conference, Warsaw, Poland, September 11-15, 2005.
Proceedings, Part II 15. Springer, 2005, pp. 799–804.
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with bidirectional lstm and other neural network architectures,” Neural
networks, vol. 18, no. 5-6, pp. 602–610, 2005.
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based on word2vec and lstm,” in 2018 11th International Symposium on
Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID), vol. 1. IEEE, 2018,
pp. 71–74.
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introduction,” Machine learning for text, pp. 1–16, 2018.
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“Building the next generation of personal digital assistants,” in 2014 1st
international conference on advanced technologies for signal and image
processing (atsip). IEEE, 2014, pp. 458–463.
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dictation for students’ vocabulary performance.” English Language
Teaching, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 77–93, 2019.
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and applications,” Machine Learning with Applications, vol. 2, p.
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“Language recognition in ivectors space,” in Twelfth annual conference
of the international speech communication association, 2011.
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text,” arXiv preprint cmp-lg/9706008, 1997.
- [16] M. Bevilacqua, T. Pasini, A. Raganato, and R. Navigli, “Recent trends
in word sense disambiguation: A survey,” in Proceedings of the Thirtieth
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-21.
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Inc, 2021.
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classification,” Lingvisticae Investigationes, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 3–26,
2007.
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and applications: A survey,” Ain Shams engineering journal, vol. 5,
no. 4, pp. 1093–1113, 2014.
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systems,” Natural Language Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 57–87, 1997.
- [20] B. Kolukisa, B. K. Dedeturk, B. A. Dedeturk, A. Gulsen, and G. Bakal,
“A comparative analysis on medical article classification using text
mining & machine learning algorithms,” in 2021 6th International
Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK). IEEE,
2021, pp. 360–365.
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network architectures for document classification,” in Proceedings of the
2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for
Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1
(Long and Short Papers), 2019, pp. 4046–4051.
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 90 - 97, 01.03.2024
Raad Saadi Mahmood
,
Mehmet Gökhan Bakal
,
Ayhan Akbaş
Kaynakça
- [1] A. J. Trappey, F.-C. Hsu, C. V. Trappey, and C.-I. Lin, “Development
of a patent document classification and search platform using a backpropagation
network,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 31, no. 4,
pp. 755–765, 2006.
- [2] G. Aghila et al., “A survey of nan” ive bayes machine learning approach
in text document classification,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1003.1795, 2010.
- [3] A. Joulin, E. Grave, P. Bojanowski, and T. Mikolov, “Bag of tricks for
efficient text classification,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1607.01759, 2016.
- [4] Q. Chen and M. Sokolova, “Specialists, scientists, and sentiments:
Word2vec and doc2vec in analysis of scientific and medical texts,” SN
Computer Science, vol. 2, pp. 1–11, 2021.
- [5] G. Bakal and O. Abar, “On comparative classification of relevant covid-
19 tweets,” in 2021 6th International Conference on Computer Science
and Engineering (UBMK). IEEE, 2021, pp. 287–291.
- [6] B. J. Marafino, J. M. Davies, N. S. Bardach, M. L. Dean, and R. A.
Dudley, “N-gram support vector machines for scalable procedure and
diagnosis classification, with applications to clinical free text data from
the intensive care unit,” Journal of the American Medical Informatics
Association, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 871–875, 2014.
- [7] A. Graves, S. Fern´andez, and J. Schmidhuber, “Bidirectional lstm networks
for improved phoneme classification and recognition,” in Artificial
Neural Networks: Formal Models and Their Applications–ICANN 2005:
15th International Conference, Warsaw, Poland, September 11-15, 2005.
Proceedings, Part II 15. Springer, 2005, pp. 799–804.
- [8] A. Graves and J. Schmidhuber, “Framewise phoneme classification
with bidirectional lstm and other neural network architectures,” Neural
networks, vol. 18, no. 5-6, pp. 602–610, 2005.
- [9] L. Xiao, G. Wang, and Y. Zuo, “Research on patent text classification
based on word2vec and lstm,” in 2018 11th International Symposium on
Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID), vol. 1. IEEE, 2018,
pp. 71–74.
- [10] C. C. Aggarwal and C. C. Aggarwal, “Machine learning for text: An
introduction,” Machine learning for text, pp. 1–16, 2018.
- [11] P. Milhorat, S. Schl¨ogl, G. Chollet, J. Boudy, A. Esposito, and G. Pelosi,
“Building the next generation of personal digital assistants,” in 2014 1st
international conference on advanced technologies for signal and image
processing (atsip). IEEE, 2014, pp. 458–463.
- [12] H.-H. Chiang, “A comparison between teacher-led and online text-tospeech
dictation for students’ vocabulary performance.” English Language
Teaching, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 77–93, 2019.
- [13] E. Adamopoulou and L. Moussiades, “Chatbots: History, technology,
and applications,” Machine Learning with Applications, vol. 2, p.
100006, 2020.
- [14] D. Martinez, O. Plchot, L. Burget, O. Glembek, and P. Matˇejka,
“Language recognition in ivectors space,” in Twelfth annual conference
of the international speech communication association, 2011.
- [15] T. Pedersen and R. Bruce, “Distinguishing word senses in untagged
text,” arXiv preprint cmp-lg/9706008, 1997.
- [16] M. Bevilacqua, T. Pasini, A. Raganato, and R. Navigli, “Recent trends
in word sense disambiguation: A survey,” in Proceedings of the Thirtieth
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI-21.
International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Inc, 2021.
- [17] D. Nadeau and S. Sekine, “A survey of named entity recognition and
classification,” Lingvisticae Investigationes, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 3–26,
2007.
- [18] W. Medhat, A. Hassan, and H. Korashy, “Sentiment analysis algorithms
and applications: A survey,” Ain Shams engineering journal, vol. 5,
no. 4, pp. 1093–1113, 2014.
- [19] E. Reiter and R. Dale, “Building applied natural language generation
systems,” Natural Language Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 57–87, 1997.
- [20] B. Kolukisa, B. K. Dedeturk, B. A. Dedeturk, A. Gulsen, and G. Bakal,
“A comparative analysis on medical article classification using text
mining & machine learning algorithms,” in 2021 6th International
Conference on Computer Science and Engineering (UBMK). IEEE,
2021, pp. 360–365.
- [21] A. Adhikari, A. Ram, R. Tang, and J. Lin, “Rethinking complex neural
network architectures for document classification,” in Proceedings of the
2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for
Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1
(Long and Short Papers), 2019, pp. 4046–4051.