Araştırma Makalesi
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KÜLTÜREL ZEKANIN DEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 227 - 242, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.46452/baksoder.1198272

Öz

Küreselleşmenin etkisiyle büyük değişimler geçiren toplumların bireylerarası ilişkilerini kültür kavramıyla birlikte incelemek konunun daha iyi anlaşılması açısından gerekli hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, literatürde yeterince çalışılmamış, güncel bir konu olan ve kültürel çeşitliliğin fazla olduğu turizm destinasyonlarında, kültürel zeka kavramını incelemekledir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, yabancı turistlerin demografik faktörlerinin kültürel zeka boyutlarıyla farklılık gösterip göstermediğini ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda İstanbul’u ziyaret eden 497 kişiye anket uygulanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucuna göre, turistlerin cinsiyet, eğitim durumları ve kalış süreleri ile kültürel zeka boyutları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla beraber yaş değişkeninin kültürel zekanın alt boyutlarıyla herhangi bir farklılık yaratmadığı da belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir, B., Duman, M. Ç., & Tunalılar, T. T. (2016). Uluslararası işgücü pazarının yeni rolü: kültürel zekâ. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(25), 29-47.
  • Aksoy, Z. (2013). Kültürel zekâ ve çokkültürlü ortamlardaki rolü. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Aksoy, Z. (2015). Kültürel Zeka-CQ-Kültürlerarası İletişim ve Yönetimde Çağdaş Bir Yaklaşım. İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Aslan, S., & Aslan, Ö. (2015). İstanbul'daki 5 Yildizli Otellerde Kültürel Zeka Ölçeğine İlişkin Bir Uygulama. Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, (23), 34-61.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2006). Personality correlates of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence. Group & organization management, 31(1), 100-123.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K. Y., Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and organization review, 3(3), 335-371.
  • Ang, S., & Van Dyne, L. (2008). Conceptualization of cultural intelligence: Definition, distinctiveness, and nomological network. Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications, 3-15.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Rockstuhl, T. (2015). Cultural intelligence: Origins, conceptualization, evolution, and methodological diversity.
  • Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1991). Antecedents to cross-cultural adjustment for expatriates in Pacific Rim assignments. Human relations, 44(5), 497-515.
  • Bücker, J., Furrer, O., & Lin, Y. (2015). Measuring cultural intelligence (CQ) A new test of the CQ scale. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 15(3), 259-284.
  • Chen, A. S. Y., Lin, Y. C., & Sawangpattanakul, A. (2011). The relationship between cultural intelligence and performance with the mediating effect of culture shock: A case from Philippine laborers in Taiwan. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(2), 246-258.
  • Crowne, K. A. (2008). What leads to cultural intelligence?. Business horizons, 51(5), 391-399.
  • De Mooij, M., & Hofstede, G. (2011). Cross-cultural consumer behavior: A review of research findings. Journal of international consumer marketing, 23(3-4), 181-192.
  • Earley, P. C. (2002). Redefining interactions across cultures and organizations: Moving forward with cultural intelligence. Research in organizational behavior, 24, 271-299.
  • Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures.
  • Earley, P. C., & Mosakowski, E. (2004). Cultural intelligence. Harvard business review, 82(10), 139-146.
  • Earley, P. C., & Peterson, R. S. (2004). The elusive cultural chameleon: Cultural intelligence as a new approach to intercultural training for the global manager. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(1), 100-115.
  • Engel, J. F. (1997). Blackwell, RD, & Miniard, PW (1995). Consumer behavior, (8th editio). Dryden Press.
  • Frías-Jamilena, D. M., Sabiote-Ortiz, C. M., Martín-Santana, J. D., & Beerli-Palacio, A. (2018). Antecedents and consequences of cultural intelligence in tourism. Journal of destination marketing & management, 8, 350-358.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values (Vol. 5). sage.
  • Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Culturas y Organizaciones: Software mental: cooperación intercultural y su importancia para la supervivencia. McGraw-Hill.
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
  • İlhan, M., & Çetin, B. (2014). Kültürel Zekâ Ölçeği'nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(29-2), 94-114.
  • İşçi, E., Söylemez, Ö., & Yıldırım Kaptanoğlu, A. (2013). Örgütlerde kültürel zekâ ve hastane işletmelerinde kültürel zekâ düzeyinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(5), 1-18.
  • Kanfer, R., & Heggestad, E. D. (1997). Motivational traits and skills: A person-centered approach to work motivation. RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, VOL 19, 1997, 19, 1-56.
  • Kozak, M. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma: tasarım, yazım ve yayım teknikleri. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Lin, Y. C., Chen, A. S. Y., & Song, Y. C. (2012). Does your intelligence help to survive in a foreign jungle? The effects of cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence on cross-cultural adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(4), 541-552.
  • Karroubi, M., Hadinejad, A., & Mahmoudzadeh, S. (2014). A study on relationship between cultural intelligence and cross-cultural adjustment in tour management. Management Science Letters, 4(6), 1233-1244.
  • Köse, N. (2016). Erasmus Programının Kültürel Zeka Üzerinde Etkisinde Demografik Özelliklerin Rolü (Master's thesis, Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi).
  • Lin, Y. C., Chen, A. S. Y., & Song, Y. C. (2012). Does your intelligence help to survive in a foreign jungle? The effects of cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence on cross-cultural adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(4), 541-552.
  • Maznevski, M. L. (1994). Understanding our differences: performance in decision-making groups with diverse members. Human relations, 47(5), 531-552.
  • Mohsin, A. (2006). Cross-cultural sensitivities in hospitality: A matter of conflict or understanding. In Proceedings of International Conference on Excellence in the Home: Balanced Diet-Balanced Life, Royal Garden Hotel, Kensington, UK.
  • Montabaur, D. (2002). Crossing Cultures People go through an adjustment cycle. Executive Excellence, 19(5), 15-15.
  • Özdemir, K. (2019). Kültürel zekanın kültürlerarası duyarlılık üzerindeki etkisi (Master's thesis, Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi).
  • Pike, S., & Page, S. J. (2014). Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism management, 41, 202-227.
  • Rohmetra, N., & Arora, P. (2015). The interface between cultural intelligence and customer satisfaction: the hospitality" perspective".
  • Ruparel, N., Choubisa, R., Sharma, K., & Seth, H. (2020). Assessing the psychometric properties of cultural intelligence scale among Indian employees. Current Psychology, 1-12.
  • Tarique, I., & Takeuchi, R. (2008). Developing cultural intelligence: The roles of international nonwork experiences. Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications, (Part II), 56-70.
  • Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2006). Motivational cultural intelligence, realistic job preview, realistic living conditions preview, and cross-cultural adjustment. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 154-173.
  • Thomas, D. C. (2006). Domain and development of cultural intelligence: The importance of mindfulness. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 78-99.
  • Thomas, D. C. (2008). Cultural intelligence: People skills for global business. ReadHowYouWant.com.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (2020a). https://sozluk.gov.tr/ 14.04.2020
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (2020b). https://sozluk.gov.tr/ 25.06.2020
  • Uysal, Ş. (2017). Kobi yöneticilerinin kültürel zekâlarının işletmenin uluslararasılaşma derecesine etkisinde uluslararasılaşma tutumunun aracılık rolü. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Doktora Tezi.
  • Van Dyne, L., & Ang, S. (2005). Cultural intelligence: An essential capability for individuals in contemporary organizations. Global Edge. Msu. Edu, 14.
  • Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Livermore, D. (2010). Cultural intelligence: A pathway for leading in a rapidly globalizing world. Leading across differences, 4(2), 131-138.
  • Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Nielsen, T.M. (2007). Cultural Intelligence. In S. Clegg & J. Bailey, (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Organization Studies, 1: 345 350. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Koh, C. (2009). Cultural intelligence: Measurement and scale development. In M.A. Moodian (Ed.), Contemporary leadership and intercultural competence: Exploring the cross-cultural dynamics within organizations (pp. 233-254). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Livermore, D. (2010). Cultural intelligence: A pathway for leading in a rapidly globalizing world. Leading across differences, 4(2), 131-138.
  • Yeşil, S. (2009). Kültürel farklılıkların yönetimi ve alternatif bir strateji: Kültürel zeka. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2009(1), 100-131.

EXAMINATION OF CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE ACCORDING TO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 227 - 242, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.46452/baksoder.1198272

Öz

In this study, static and dynamic portfolio allocation analyzes based on cryptocurrency markets are
conducted. Conditional value at risk method, risk parity method, minimum variance portfolio and equal weighted
portfolio are used in the analyzes. Sortino ratio, Calmar ratio, Sharpe ratio and coefficients of variation are applied
in order to evaluate the performances of the optimal portfolios. In the measurement of financial risk levels of the
optimal portfolios, the historical simulation method, the conditional value-at-risk method and the maximum
drawdown are used. The results based on both static and dynamic portfolio allocation analysis indicate that equal
weighted portfolio is the best performing of the methods examined. The findings also show that though the
portfolio created with the equal weighted portfolio has a reasonable market risk level under normal market
conditions, in the periods when the volatility in the cryptocurrency markets is quite high, the portfolio created with
the equal weighted portfolio also has the highest market risk. 

Kaynakça

  • Akdemir, B., Duman, M. Ç., & Tunalılar, T. T. (2016). Uluslararası işgücü pazarının yeni rolü: kültürel zekâ. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(25), 29-47.
  • Aksoy, Z. (2013). Kültürel zekâ ve çokkültürlü ortamlardaki rolü. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Aksoy, Z. (2015). Kültürel Zeka-CQ-Kültürlerarası İletişim ve Yönetimde Çağdaş Bir Yaklaşım. İstanbul: Beta Yayıncılık.
  • Aslan, S., & Aslan, Ö. (2015). İstanbul'daki 5 Yildizli Otellerde Kültürel Zeka Ölçeğine İlişkin Bir Uygulama. Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, (23), 34-61.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2006). Personality correlates of the four-factor model of cultural intelligence. Group & organization management, 31(1), 100-123.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K. Y., Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2007). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and organization review, 3(3), 335-371.
  • Ang, S., & Van Dyne, L. (2008). Conceptualization of cultural intelligence: Definition, distinctiveness, and nomological network. Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications, 3-15.
  • Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., & Rockstuhl, T. (2015). Cultural intelligence: Origins, conceptualization, evolution, and methodological diversity.
  • Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1991). Antecedents to cross-cultural adjustment for expatriates in Pacific Rim assignments. Human relations, 44(5), 497-515.
  • Bücker, J., Furrer, O., & Lin, Y. (2015). Measuring cultural intelligence (CQ) A new test of the CQ scale. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 15(3), 259-284.
  • Chen, A. S. Y., Lin, Y. C., & Sawangpattanakul, A. (2011). The relationship between cultural intelligence and performance with the mediating effect of culture shock: A case from Philippine laborers in Taiwan. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35(2), 246-258.
  • Crowne, K. A. (2008). What leads to cultural intelligence?. Business horizons, 51(5), 391-399.
  • De Mooij, M., & Hofstede, G. (2011). Cross-cultural consumer behavior: A review of research findings. Journal of international consumer marketing, 23(3-4), 181-192.
  • Earley, P. C. (2002). Redefining interactions across cultures and organizations: Moving forward with cultural intelligence. Research in organizational behavior, 24, 271-299.
  • Earley, P. C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence: Individual interactions across cultures.
  • Earley, P. C., & Mosakowski, E. (2004). Cultural intelligence. Harvard business review, 82(10), 139-146.
  • Earley, P. C., & Peterson, R. S. (2004). The elusive cultural chameleon: Cultural intelligence as a new approach to intercultural training for the global manager. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(1), 100-115.
  • Engel, J. F. (1997). Blackwell, RD, & Miniard, PW (1995). Consumer behavior, (8th editio). Dryden Press.
  • Frías-Jamilena, D. M., Sabiote-Ortiz, C. M., Martín-Santana, J. D., & Beerli-Palacio, A. (2018). Antecedents and consequences of cultural intelligence in tourism. Journal of destination marketing & management, 8, 350-358.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values (Vol. 5). sage.
  • Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Culturas y Organizaciones: Software mental: cooperación intercultural y su importancia para la supervivencia. McGraw-Hill.
  • Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
  • İlhan, M., & Çetin, B. (2014). Kültürel Zekâ Ölçeği'nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(29-2), 94-114.
  • İşçi, E., Söylemez, Ö., & Yıldırım Kaptanoğlu, A. (2013). Örgütlerde kültürel zekâ ve hastane işletmelerinde kültürel zekâ düzeyinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(5), 1-18.
  • Kanfer, R., & Heggestad, E. D. (1997). Motivational traits and skills: A person-centered approach to work motivation. RESEARCH IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, VOL 19, 1997, 19, 1-56.
  • Kozak, M. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma: tasarım, yazım ve yayım teknikleri. Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Lin, Y. C., Chen, A. S. Y., & Song, Y. C. (2012). Does your intelligence help to survive in a foreign jungle? The effects of cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence on cross-cultural adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(4), 541-552.
  • Karroubi, M., Hadinejad, A., & Mahmoudzadeh, S. (2014). A study on relationship between cultural intelligence and cross-cultural adjustment in tour management. Management Science Letters, 4(6), 1233-1244.
  • Köse, N. (2016). Erasmus Programının Kültürel Zeka Üzerinde Etkisinde Demografik Özelliklerin Rolü (Master's thesis, Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi).
  • Lin, Y. C., Chen, A. S. Y., & Song, Y. C. (2012). Does your intelligence help to survive in a foreign jungle? The effects of cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence on cross-cultural adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36(4), 541-552.
  • Maznevski, M. L. (1994). Understanding our differences: performance in decision-making groups with diverse members. Human relations, 47(5), 531-552.
  • Mohsin, A. (2006). Cross-cultural sensitivities in hospitality: A matter of conflict or understanding. In Proceedings of International Conference on Excellence in the Home: Balanced Diet-Balanced Life, Royal Garden Hotel, Kensington, UK.
  • Montabaur, D. (2002). Crossing Cultures People go through an adjustment cycle. Executive Excellence, 19(5), 15-15.
  • Özdemir, K. (2019). Kültürel zekanın kültürlerarası duyarlılık üzerindeki etkisi (Master's thesis, Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi).
  • Pike, S., & Page, S. J. (2014). Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism management, 41, 202-227.
  • Rohmetra, N., & Arora, P. (2015). The interface between cultural intelligence and customer satisfaction: the hospitality" perspective".
  • Ruparel, N., Choubisa, R., Sharma, K., & Seth, H. (2020). Assessing the psychometric properties of cultural intelligence scale among Indian employees. Current Psychology, 1-12.
  • Tarique, I., & Takeuchi, R. (2008). Developing cultural intelligence: The roles of international nonwork experiences. Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications, (Part II), 56-70.
  • Templer, K. J., Tay, C., & Chandrasekar, N. A. (2006). Motivational cultural intelligence, realistic job preview, realistic living conditions preview, and cross-cultural adjustment. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 154-173.
  • Thomas, D. C. (2006). Domain and development of cultural intelligence: The importance of mindfulness. Group & Organization Management, 31(1), 78-99.
  • Thomas, D. C. (2008). Cultural intelligence: People skills for global business. ReadHowYouWant.com.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (2020a). https://sozluk.gov.tr/ 14.04.2020
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (2020b). https://sozluk.gov.tr/ 25.06.2020
  • Uysal, Ş. (2017). Kobi yöneticilerinin kültürel zekâlarının işletmenin uluslararasılaşma derecesine etkisinde uluslararasılaşma tutumunun aracılık rolü. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Doktora Tezi.
  • Van Dyne, L., & Ang, S. (2005). Cultural intelligence: An essential capability for individuals in contemporary organizations. Global Edge. Msu. Edu, 14.
  • Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Livermore, D. (2010). Cultural intelligence: A pathway for leading in a rapidly globalizing world. Leading across differences, 4(2), 131-138.
  • Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Nielsen, T.M. (2007). Cultural Intelligence. In S. Clegg & J. Bailey, (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Organization Studies, 1: 345 350. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Koh, C. (2009). Cultural intelligence: Measurement and scale development. In M.A. Moodian (Ed.), Contemporary leadership and intercultural competence: Exploring the cross-cultural dynamics within organizations (pp. 233-254). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Livermore, D. (2010). Cultural intelligence: A pathway for leading in a rapidly globalizing world. Leading across differences, 4(2), 131-138.
  • Yeşil, S. (2009). Kültürel farklılıkların yönetimi ve alternatif bir strateji: Kültürel zeka. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2009(1), 100-131.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Turizm (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ahmet Aslan 0000-0003-4394-4573

Orhan Akova 0000-0001-7740-2938

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Kasım 2022
Kabul Tarihi 14 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Aslan, A., & Akova, O. (2022). KÜLTÜREL ZEKANIN DEMOGRAFİK DEĞİŞKENLERE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ. Uluslararası Batı Karadeniz Sosyal Ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 227-242. https://doi.org/10.46452/baksoder.1198272

Cited By

Dergiye gönderilen tüm makaleler, değerlendirme sürecinden önce intihal programıyla kontrol edilmektedir.    

USOBED Dergisi, Creative Commons Atıf-Gayri Ticari 4.0 Uluslararası (CC BY-NC 4.0) altında çalışmaktadır. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.tr