Low Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides Monosaccharides, Polyols Diet Therapy in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Yıl 2023, , 417 - 424, 23.06.2023

Ayşe Damla Düşünsel Gül Eda Kılınç

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1004488

Öz

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disease characterized by disturbances in bowel movements and defecation. IBS has symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. According to the symptoms seen in the patient, applications such as psychological therapy and diet therapy are recommended together with drug therapy. The Low Fermentable Oligo-, Di- and Mono-saccharides and Polyols (FODMAP) diet is one of the most popular treatments for IBS recently. FODMAPs are osmotically active, poorly absorbed, and rapidly fermentable short-chain carbohydrates, which can cause digestive and absorption problems in the gut as a result of excessive consumption. They can cause bloating and abdominal symptoms by forming various gases as a result of their rapid fermentation in the intestine and due to their osmotic activity. It was thought that FODMAPs could trigger the symptoms of IBS patients and that patients with a low-FODMAP diet could improve their symptoms. Many studies on this subject have proven the positive effects of the low-FODMAP diet in the treatment of IBS. However, due to the restrictive nature of the diet, potential risks arise such as reduced sustainability in the long term, causing nutritional deficiencies and adverse effects on the microbiota. Some studies, these risks were emphasized and various results were obtained, but it was not clear. The purpose of this review is to examine the relationship between a low FODMAP diet and IBS.

Anahtar Kelimeler

FODMAP, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Low-FODMAP Diet

İrritabl Bağırsak Sendromunda Düşük Fermente Edilebilir Oligosakkaritler, Disakkaritler, Monosakkaritler, Polioller Diyet Tedavisi

Öz

İrritabl bağırsak sendromu (İBS) bağırsak hareketleri ve dışkılamadaki bozuklarla karakterize, işlevsel bağırsak hastalığıdır. İBS karında şişkinlik, karın ağrısı, diyare, konstipasyon gibi semptomlara sahiptir. Hastada görülen semptomlara göre ilaç tedavisiyle birlikte psikolojik tedavi, diyet tedavisi gibi uygulamalar önerilmektedir. Düşük Fermente Edilebilir Oligo-, Di- ve Mono-sakkaritler ve Polioller (FODMAP) diyeti son zamanlarda İBS tedavisinde öne çıkan tedavilerinden biridir. FODMAP’ler ozmotik olarak aktif, zayıf şekilde emilen ve hızlıca fermente olabilen kısa zincirli karbonhidratlar olup aşırı tüketilmeleri sonucu bağırsakta sindirimde ve emilimde problemlere neden olabilmektedir. Bu durumda bağırsakta hızlıca fermantasyonları sonucu çeşitli gazlar oluşturarak ve ozmotik aktiflikleri nedeniyle şişkinliğe, abdominal semptomlara neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle FODMAP’lerin İBS hastalarının semptomlarını tetikleyebileceği ve düşük FODMAP diyeti ile hastaların semptomlarında iyileşmeler gösterebileceği düşünülmüştür. Bu konuda yapılan birçok çalışma düşük FODMAP diyetinin İBS tedavisindeki olumlu etkilerini kanıtlamıştır. Ancak diyetin kısıtlayıcı olması nedeniyle uzun vadede sürdürülebilirliğinin azalması, beslenme yetersizliklerine neden olması ve mikrobiyota üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olması gibi potansiyel riskler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bazı çalışmalarda bu riskler üzerinde durulmuş ve çeşitli sonuçlar alınmıştır ancak bir netlik kazanmamıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı düşük FODMAP diyeti ile İBS arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Düşük FODMAP Diyeti, FODMAP, İrritabl Bağırsak Sendromu

Kaynakça

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