Protective Effect of Grape Seed Extract (Vitis Vinifera) on the Damage of Formaldehyde to Rat Testes
Yıl 2022,
, 487 - 494, 04.10.2022
Gülşah Aşık Uysal
,
Mehmet Can
,
Emrah Özcan
Öz
Objective: The aim of this study is to, investigate the toxic effects of formaldehyde on testicular tissue and the protective effect of grape seed extract against these toxic effects at biochemical and histopathological levels. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 21 male Wistar-Albino rats were divided in to three groups. First group rats were used as control. Second group rats were injected intraperitoneal every other day with formaldehyde. Thirth group rats were administered grapeseed extract with intragasticin jection of formaldehyde. After thirty days, all rats were killed by decapitation after blood samples were taken. The testes of rats were removedand dissected from the surrounding tissue. The activites of superoxidedismutase (SOD), total antioxidanteserume (TAS), testosterone and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in the some of testicular tissues pecimens. There maining testicular tissues pecimens were used for histopathological examination. Results: The activities of SOD and TAS were examined in second group; they were not significantly decreased. It was seendecrease of testosterone degrees in rat sadministered grapeseed extract with exposure of formaldehyde compared to control group. Furthermore, histopathological damages caused by formaldehyde were restored in this group. Conclusion: Formaldehyde exposure caused to harmful effects in testes tissue and grapeseed extract have protective effects to these damages.
Kaynakça
- Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Stohs, S., Ray, S. D., Sen, C. K., & Preuss, H. G. (2002). Cellular protection with proanthocyanidins derived from grapeseeds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 957, 260-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02922.x
- Balu, M., Sangeetha, P., Haripriya, D., & Panneerselvam, C. (2005). Rejuvenation of antioxidant system in central nervous system of aged rats by grapeseed extract. Neuroscience Letters, 383, 295-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.04.042
- Balu, M., Sangeetha, P., Murali, G., & Panneerselvam, C. (2005). Age-related oxidative protein damages in central nervous system of rats: modulatory role of grapeseed extract. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 23, 501-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2005.06.001
- Canbilen, A., Sezen, S., Avunduk, M. C., & Con, N. E. (1999) Formaldehit ve toksik etkileri. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 9, 33-39.
- Chowdhury, A. R., Gautam, A. K., Patel, K. G., & Trivedi, H. S. (1992). Steroidogenic inhibition in testicular tissue of formaldehyde exposed rats. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 36 162-168.
- Cos, P., De Bruyne, T., Hermans, N., Apers, S., Berghe, D. V., & Vlietinck, A. J. (2004). Proanthocyanidins in healthcare: current and newtrends. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 11, 1345-1359. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867043365288
- Çelik, H. H., Sargon, M. F., Çelik, M. H., Uslu, S. S., & Çelik, T. H. A. (2001). Review of the health effects of formaldehyde toxicity. Morfoloji Dergisi, 9, 49-52.
- Feron, V. J., Till, H. P., De Vriger, F., Woutersen, R. A., Cassee, F. R., & Van Bladeren, P. J. (1991). Aldehides: Occurance carcinogenic potential, mechanism of actionand risk assessment. Mutation Research, 259, 363-385.https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(91)90128-9
- Formaldehyde Sampling of FEMA Temporary-Housing Trailers, 2015: www.cdc.gov/nceh/drywall/docs/WhatYouShouldKnowaboutFormaldehyde.pdf. Erişim tarihi:05.07.2015
- Hall, J. E., & Guyton, A. C. (2006). Textbook of medical physiology. Elsevier, Philadelphia.
- Iwasaki, Y., Matsui, T., & Arakawa, Y. (2004). The protective and hormonal effects of proanthocyanidin against gastric mucosal injury in Wistar rats. Journel of Gastroenterology, 39, 831-837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-004-1399-5
- Kaya, S. (2008). Tıbbi botanik ve tıbbi bitkiler,‘‘Beşeri hekimlikte kullanılan tıbbi bitkiler’’. Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
- Özen, O. A., Akpolat, N., Songur, A., Kus, İ., Zararsız, İ., Özaçmak, V. H., & Sarsılmaz, M. (2005). Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on Hsp70 in seminiferous tubules of rattestes: an immunohistochemical study. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 21, 249-254. https://doi.org/10.1191/0748233705th235oa
- Sarsılmaz, M., Özen, O. A., Akpolat, N., Kuş, İ., & Songur, A. (1999). Subakut dönemde solunan formaldehitin sıçanların Leydig hücreleri üzerindeki histopatolojik etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13, 37-40.
- Sarsılmaz, M., Kaplan, S., Songur, A., Çolakoğlu, S., Aslan, H., Tunç, A. T., Özen, O. A., Turgut, M., & Baş, O. (2007). Effects of postnatal formaldehyde exposure on pyramidal cell number, volume of celllayer in hippocampus and hemisphere in therat: a stereological study. Brain Research, 1145, 157-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.139
- Smith, A. E. (1992). Formaldehyde. Occupational Medicine, 428, 83-88.
- Sun, Y., Oberley, L. W., & Li, Y. A. (1988). Simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clinical Chemistry, 34, 497-500.
- Tang, M., Xie, Y., Yi, Y., & Wang, W. (2003). Effects of formaldehyde on germ cells of malemice. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 32, 544-548.
- Thrasher, J. D., & Kilburn, K. H. (2001). Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 56, 300-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604460
- Yoshioka, T., Kawada, K., & Shimada, T. (1979). Lipid peroxidation in maternal and cord blood and protective mechanism aganist activated-oxygen toxicity in the blood. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecol, 135, 372-376.https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(79)90708-7
- Zararsız, İ., Kuş, İ., Akpolat, N., Songur, A., Ögetürk, M., & Sarsılmaz, M. (2006). Protective effects of omega 3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex of rats. Cell Biochemistry & Function, 24, 237-244. https://doi.org/10,1002/cbf.1204
- Zararsız, İ., Kuş, İ., Ögetürk, M., Akpolat, N., Köse, E., Meydan, S., & Sarsılmaz, M. (2007). Melatonin prevents formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. Cell Biochemistry & Function, 25, 413–418. https://doi.org/10,1002/cbf.1315
- Zhou, D., Qiu, D. S., Zhang, J., Tian, H., & Wang, H. X. (2006). The protective effects of vitamin E aganist oxidative damage caused by formaldehyde in the testes of adult rats. Asian Journal of Andrology, 8, 584-588. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00198.x
Formaldehitin Sıçan Testislerine Zararı Üzerine Üzüm Çekirdeği Ekstraktının (Vitis Vinifera) Koruyucu Etkisi
Yıl 2022,
, 487 - 494, 04.10.2022
Gülşah Aşık Uysal
,
Mehmet Can
,
Emrah Özcan
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı formaldehitin testis dokusu üzerine olan toksik etkileri ve oluşan bu toksik etkilere karşı üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktının koruyucu etkisini biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik düzeylerde araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu araştırma için toplam 21 adet Wistar-Albino cinsi erkek sıçan kullanıldı. Rastgele olarak yedişerli üç gruba ayrıldı. Grup I’deki sıçanlar kontrol grubu olarak belirlendi. Grup II’deki sıçanlara gün aşırı olarak formaldehit intraperitonel olarak enjekte edildi. Grup III’deki sıçanlara ise gün aşırı formaldehit enjeksiyonu ile birlikte her gün intragastrik olarak üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktı uygulandı. 30 günlük deney süresi sonunda tüm sıçanlar kanları alındıktan sonra dekapitasyon yöntemi ile öldürüldü ve testisleri diseke edilerek diğer dokulardan ayrıldı. Alınan testis dokularının bir kısmı süperoksitdismutaz (SOD), total antioksidantstatus (TAS), testosteron ve malondialdehit (MDA) seviyelerinin analizi için ayrıldı. Diğer kısımları ise histopatolojik çalışmada kullanılmak üzere ayrıldı. Bulgular: Formaldehit uygulanan sıçanlara ait SOD ve TAS değerlerine bakıldığında; kontrol grubu ve üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktı ile tedavi edilen gruba göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde azalmadığı görüldü. Testosteron düzeyleri incelendiğinde ise üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktı uygulanan grubun kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde arttığı saptandı. Ayrıca formaldehit maruziyeti sonrası intersitisyel ödemin ve seminifer tübül lümenlerindeki genişlemenin azaldığı, seminifer tübül içindeki germ hücre sayısının normale yakın olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Formaldehitin testis dokusunda zararlı etkiler oluşturduğu ve üzüm çekirdeği ekstraktının bu etkilere koruyucu etki gösterdiği belirlendi.
Kaynakça
- Bagchi, D., Bagchi, M., Stohs, S., Ray, S. D., Sen, C. K., & Preuss, H. G. (2002). Cellular protection with proanthocyanidins derived from grapeseeds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 957, 260-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02922.x
- Balu, M., Sangeetha, P., Haripriya, D., & Panneerselvam, C. (2005). Rejuvenation of antioxidant system in central nervous system of aged rats by grapeseed extract. Neuroscience Letters, 383, 295-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.04.042
- Balu, M., Sangeetha, P., Murali, G., & Panneerselvam, C. (2005). Age-related oxidative protein damages in central nervous system of rats: modulatory role of grapeseed extract. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 23, 501-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2005.06.001
- Canbilen, A., Sezen, S., Avunduk, M. C., & Con, N. E. (1999) Formaldehit ve toksik etkileri. Genel Tıp Dergisi, 9, 33-39.
- Chowdhury, A. R., Gautam, A. K., Patel, K. G., & Trivedi, H. S. (1992). Steroidogenic inhibition in testicular tissue of formaldehyde exposed rats. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 36 162-168.
- Cos, P., De Bruyne, T., Hermans, N., Apers, S., Berghe, D. V., & Vlietinck, A. J. (2004). Proanthocyanidins in healthcare: current and newtrends. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 11, 1345-1359. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867043365288
- Çelik, H. H., Sargon, M. F., Çelik, M. H., Uslu, S. S., & Çelik, T. H. A. (2001). Review of the health effects of formaldehyde toxicity. Morfoloji Dergisi, 9, 49-52.
- Feron, V. J., Till, H. P., De Vriger, F., Woutersen, R. A., Cassee, F. R., & Van Bladeren, P. J. (1991). Aldehides: Occurance carcinogenic potential, mechanism of actionand risk assessment. Mutation Research, 259, 363-385.https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(91)90128-9
- Formaldehyde Sampling of FEMA Temporary-Housing Trailers, 2015: www.cdc.gov/nceh/drywall/docs/WhatYouShouldKnowaboutFormaldehyde.pdf. Erişim tarihi:05.07.2015
- Hall, J. E., & Guyton, A. C. (2006). Textbook of medical physiology. Elsevier, Philadelphia.
- Iwasaki, Y., Matsui, T., & Arakawa, Y. (2004). The protective and hormonal effects of proanthocyanidin against gastric mucosal injury in Wistar rats. Journel of Gastroenterology, 39, 831-837. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-004-1399-5
- Kaya, S. (2008). Tıbbi botanik ve tıbbi bitkiler,‘‘Beşeri hekimlikte kullanılan tıbbi bitkiler’’. Medisan Yayınevi, Ankara.
- Özen, O. A., Akpolat, N., Songur, A., Kus, İ., Zararsız, İ., Özaçmak, V. H., & Sarsılmaz, M. (2005). Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on Hsp70 in seminiferous tubules of rattestes: an immunohistochemical study. Toxicology and Industrial Health, 21, 249-254. https://doi.org/10.1191/0748233705th235oa
- Sarsılmaz, M., Özen, O. A., Akpolat, N., Kuş, İ., & Songur, A. (1999). Subakut dönemde solunan formaldehitin sıçanların Leydig hücreleri üzerindeki histopatolojik etkileri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13, 37-40.
- Sarsılmaz, M., Kaplan, S., Songur, A., Çolakoğlu, S., Aslan, H., Tunç, A. T., Özen, O. A., Turgut, M., & Baş, O. (2007). Effects of postnatal formaldehyde exposure on pyramidal cell number, volume of celllayer in hippocampus and hemisphere in therat: a stereological study. Brain Research, 1145, 157-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.139
- Smith, A. E. (1992). Formaldehyde. Occupational Medicine, 428, 83-88.
- Sun, Y., Oberley, L. W., & Li, Y. A. (1988). Simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clinical Chemistry, 34, 497-500.
- Tang, M., Xie, Y., Yi, Y., & Wang, W. (2003). Effects of formaldehyde on germ cells of malemice. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 32, 544-548.
- Thrasher, J. D., & Kilburn, K. H. (2001). Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 56, 300-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890109604460
- Yoshioka, T., Kawada, K., & Shimada, T. (1979). Lipid peroxidation in maternal and cord blood and protective mechanism aganist activated-oxygen toxicity in the blood. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecol, 135, 372-376.https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(79)90708-7
- Zararsız, İ., Kuş, İ., Akpolat, N., Songur, A., Ögetürk, M., & Sarsılmaz, M. (2006). Protective effects of omega 3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex of rats. Cell Biochemistry & Function, 24, 237-244. https://doi.org/10,1002/cbf.1204
- Zararsız, İ., Kuş, İ., Ögetürk, M., Akpolat, N., Köse, E., Meydan, S., & Sarsılmaz, M. (2007). Melatonin prevents formaldehyde-induced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. Cell Biochemistry & Function, 25, 413–418. https://doi.org/10,1002/cbf.1315
- Zhou, D., Qiu, D. S., Zhang, J., Tian, H., & Wang, H. X. (2006). The protective effects of vitamin E aganist oxidative damage caused by formaldehyde in the testes of adult rats. Asian Journal of Andrology, 8, 584-588. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00198.x