Tanenler: Silajlarda ve Hayvan Besleme Uygulamalarında Kullanımı

Yıl 2022, , 64 - 73, 01.12.2022

Oğuz Koray Bacaksız , Mehmet Ali Azman

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1150298

Öz

Amaç: Bu derleme günümüz hayvancılığında yaygın olarak kullanılan silajların bozulmasını önlemek için kullanılan katkı maddelerine farklı bir alternatif olarak tanen kullanımının fermentasyon kalitesi ve hayvan besleme üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanenler, polifenolik bileşikler olup mazı, meşe, kestane, kolza, bakla ve sorgum gibi yemlerde bulunabilen karakteristik koku, buruk tadı, sarıdan beyaza farklı renklerde doğal bileşiklerdir. Milattan önce 1500 yılından günümüze tıptan gıdaya kadar çeşitli alanlarda kullanılmışlardır. Antidiyaretik, antiseptik, antihelmintik etkileri dışında en bilinen özelliği proteinlerle bileşik oluşturmasıdır. Silolanacak yemin protein/su oranının yüksek olması silolamayı zorlaştırmakta ve fermentasyonu olumsuz etkilemektedir. Yüksek protein, proteolizis nedeniyle silajlarda laktik asit oluşumunu azaltacak ve istenilen pH değerine ulaşılamayacaktır. Tanenlerin proteinler ile bileşik oluşturarak silajlarda proteolizisi önleyebileceği ve proteinlere by-pass özellik kazandırabileceği düşünülmektedir. Böylelikle rumeni geçen proteinler ince bağırsakta sindirilerek yararlanımı artacaktır. Ayrıca ruminantların ürettiği metan gazı canlının brüt enerjiden kayıp oluşturmakta ve sera gazıyla küresel ısınmaya katkıda bulunmaktadır. Tanenler, metan gazının azaltılması ve atılan amonyağın bertaraf edilmesinde kullanılabilecek bir alternatif olarak düşünülmektedir. Sonuç: Silajlarda tanen kullanımı, özellikle yüksek proteinli yemlerin silolanmasını kolaylaştırabilir, kalitesini artırabilir hayvanların besin madde ihtiyaçları daha iyi karşılanabilir. Kaba yemlerin saklama koşullarını iyileştirebilir. Tanen içeren yemleri tüketen hayvanların metan üretimi azaltılarak yenilikçi bir beslenme yöntemi sağlanabilir. Amonyağın bertaraf edilmesinde doğal bir yaklaşım olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tanen, Silaj, Proteolizis, Hayvan Besleme

The Usage of Tannins to Silages and Animal Nutrition Practices

Öz

Objective: This review was made to determine the effects of using tannin on the fermentation quality and animal nutrition as a different alternative to the additives used to prevent the spoilage of silages, which are widely used in today's livestock. Tannins are polyphenolic compounds and are natural compounds with a characteristic odor, acrid taste, and different colors from yellow to white, which can be found in feeds such as gallnut, oak, chestnut, rapeseed, broad bean and sorghum. They have been used in various fields from medicine to food since 1500 BC. Apart from its antidiarrheal, antiseptic and anthelmintic effects, its most well-known feature is that it forms compounds with proteins. The high protein/water presence of the feed to be ensiled makes ensiling difficult and affects fermentation negatively. High protein will reduce lactic acid formation in silages due to proteolysis and the desired pH value will not be reached. It is thought that tannins can form compounds with proteins and prevent proteolysis in silages and provide by-pass properties to proteins. Thus, the proteins that pass through the rumen will be digested in the small intestine and their utilization will increase. In addition, methane gas produced by ruminants causes loss of gross energy and contributes to global warming with greenhouse gas. Tannins are considered as an alternative to reduce methane gas and dispose of waste ammonia. Conclusion: The use of tannin in silages can facilitate the ensiling of high protein feeds, increase their quality, and meet the nutrient needs of animals better. It can improve the storage conditions of roughage. An innovative feeding method can be provided by reducing the methane production of animals that consume tannin-containing feeds. It can be a natural approach to the disposal of ammonia

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tannin, Silage, Proteolizis, Animal Nutrition.

Kaynakça

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