Van İlinde Ambalajsız Olarak Satılan Bazı Baharatlarda Aflatoksin ve Ağır Metal Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi ve Ağır Metallerin Sağlık Risklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, , 7 - 14, 01.12.2022

Ufuk Mercan Yücel

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1160866

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Van ilinde ambalajsız olarak satılan kırmızıbiber, karabiber ve kimyon çeşitlerindeki aflatoksin ve ağır metal düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve ağır metallerin sağlık risklerinin tahminlerinin yapılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Aktarlardan ve marketlerden toplanan 60 adet örnekte (her baharat örneğinden 20'şer adet) aflatoksin analizi HPLC cihazı ile ağır metal analizi ise ICP-MS cihazı ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Baharat örneklerinin tümünde AFG1 ve AFG2, kimyon örneklerinin tümünde AFB1 ve AFB2 tespit edilmediği halde, kırmızıbiber örneklerinin tümünde, karabiber örneklerinin sadece 1 tanesinde AFB1 ve kırmızıbiber örneklerinin 18 tanesinde AFB2 belirlenmiştir. Ni, Cd, Pb ve Al’un ortalama değerleri sırasıyla karabiberde 5.08, 0.35, 2.47, 392.45 ppm, kimyonda 9.12, 0.20, 1.40, 514.4 ppm ve kırmızı biberde 8.95, 0.06, 0.11, 33.75 ppm olarak tespit edilmiştir. Arsenik ise sadece kimyonda tespit edilmiştir ve ortalama değeri 0.06 ppm'dir. Sonuç: Kırmızı biberlerin %90’ında (18 örnek) Türk Gıda Kodeksinde izin verilen sınır değerin üzerinde AFB1 saptanmıştır. Karabiberde tespit edilen Cd ve tüm baharat örneklerindeki Ni düzeyi maksimum izin verilebilir sınır değerlerin üzerindedir. Günlük alım tolerans limitleri göre baharatlardaki Ni, As ve Cd düzeyleri herhangi bir risk oluşturmadığı halde tüm baharat örneklerinde Al, karabiber örneklerinde Pb düzeyi günlük alım tolerans limitlerinin üstündedir. THQ maruziyet değerleri, 1'den küçük olduğu için baharat örnekleri kanserojen olmayan etki riski taşımamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Baharat, Aflatoksin, Ağır Metal, Sağlık Riski Değerlendirilmesi

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

TYL-2017-5892

Teşekkür

Laboratuar çalışmalarına destek veren Gülümser ÇAĞLİ’ya teşekkür ederim.

Determination of Aflatoxin and Heavy Metal Levels in Some Spices Sold as Unpackaged in Van Province and Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metals

Öz

Aim: This study aimed to determine the aflatoxin and heavy metal levels in the samples of unpackaged red pepper, black pepper and cumin sold in Van and to estimate the health risks of heavy metals. Materials and Methods: In 60 samples (20 of each spice sample) obtained from herbal shops and markets, aflatoxin analysis was done with HPLC device and heavy metal analysis was done with ICP-MS device. Results: Although AFG1 and AFG2 were not detected in all spice samples, AFB1 and AFB2 were not detected in all cumin samples, AFB1 was detected in all red pepper samples and only one black pepper samples, and AFB2 in 18 red pepper samples. As a result of heavy metal analysis, the average concentration of Ni, Cd, Pb and Al were 5.08, 0.35, 2.47, 392.45 ppm in black pepper, 9.12, 0.20, 1.40, 514.4 ppm in cumin and 8.95, 0.06, 0.11, 33.75 ppm in red pepper, respectively. Arsenic was detected only in cumin and its average concentration was 0.06 ppm. Conclusion: In 90% (18 samples) of red pepper samples, AFB1 was detected above the permisisble limit value in Turkish food codex. The Cd level in black pepper samples and Ni levels in all spice samples determined in this study were above the limit values. According to daily intake tolerance limits, although Ni, As, and Cd levels in spices do not pose any risk, Al in all spice samples and Pb levels in black pepper samples are above the daily intake tolerance limits. Spice samples do not pose risk of non-carcinogenic effects, as THQ exposure values are less than 1.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spice, Aflatoxin, Heavy Metal, Health Risk Assessment

Proje Numarası

TYL-2017-5892

Kaynakça

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