Factors Affecting Urinary Incontinence in Women and Its Effect on Quality of Life

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 728 - 736, 25.12.2024

Refiye Akpolat , Hamide Şişman , Dudu Alptekin

https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1387877

Öz

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors of urinary incontinence in women and its effects on quality of life. Materials and Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 156 female patients who applied to the Gynecology and Obstetrics outpatient clinic of a university hospital. The data were collected by the researcher using a face-to-face questionnaire method. Results: The prevalence of urinary incontinence was found to be 51.3%, the most common being 53.8% was stress incontinence. It was observed that the severity of incontinence increased, and quality of life scores decreased in parallel with age and number of births. There was a statistically significant correlation between vaginal delivery and having gynecologic surgery and incontinence (p<0.05). Conclusion: Urinary incontinence, which is common in women, negatively affects the quality of life. Advanced age, vaginal delivery, high number of deliveries, and history of gynecologic surgery increase the risk of urinary incontinence.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Urinary Incontinence, Risk Factors, Quality of Life, Urogynecology, Women’s Health.

Kadınlarda İdrar Kaçırmayı Etkileyen Faktörler ve Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Kadınlarda idrar kaçırmanın risk faktörlerini ve yaşam kalitesine etkilerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki çalışma bir üniversite hastanesinin Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum polikliniğine başvuran 156 kadın hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından yüz yüze anket yöntemi kullanılarak toplandı. Bulgular: Üriner inkontinans görülme sıklığı %51,3 olarak saptandı, en sık görüleni ise %53,8 ile stres inkontinanstı. Yaş ve doğum sayısına paralel olarak idrar kaçırma şiddetinin arttığı ve yaşam kalitesi puanlarının azaldığı görüldü. Vajinal doğum yapmak ile jinekolojik cerrahi operasyon geçirmek ve inkontinans arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki vardı (p<0,05). Sonuç: Kadınlarda sık görülen idrar kaçırma yaşam kalitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir. İleri yaş, vajinal doğum, doğum sayısının fazla olması ve jinekolojik cerrahi öyküsü idrar kaçırma riskini arttırmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İdrar Kaçırma, Risk Faktörleri, Yaşam Kalitesi, Ürojinekoloji, Kadın Sağlığı.

Kaynakça

• Abufaraj, M., Mph, T. X., Mph, C. C., Siyam, A., Isleem, U., Massad, A., Soria, F., Shariat, S. F., Sutcliffe, S., & Yang, L. (2021). Prevalence and trends in urinary incontinence among women in the United States, 2005-2018. The American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 225(2), 166.e1-166.e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.03.016
• Åhlund, S., Rothstein, E., Rådestad, I., Zwedberg, S., & Lindgren, H. (2020). Urinary incontinence after uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal birth in primiparous women during the first year after birth. International Urogynecology Journal, 31(7), 1409–1416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-019-03975-0
• Akkus, Y., & Pinar, G. (2016). Evaluation of the prevalence, type, severity, and risk factors of urinary incontinence and its impact on quality of life among women in Turkey. International Urogynecology Journal, 27(6), 887–893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-015-2904-5
• Altınboğa, O., Gültekin, İ. B., & Taner, C. E. (2016). Stress Incontinence in Women who Delivered Within Past Three Years: Impact of Parity and Route of Delivery. Bozok Tıp Dergisi, 4(August), 1–7.
• Aşık, Z., & Serpil, E. D. (2021). Urinary Incontinence in Adults and Its Effects on Quality of Life: A Stratified Field Study STED / Journal of Continuing Medical Education, 29(6), 0–2. https://doi.org/10.17942/sted.862559
• Batmani, S., Jalali, R., Mohammadi, M., & Bokaee, S. (2022). Prevalence and factors related to urinary incontinence in older adults women worldwide: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies BMC Geriatrics, 22(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-022-03111-6
• Bostancı, M. S., Özden, S., Ünal, O., Cevrioğlu, A. S., & Akdemir, N. (2015). Medical Treatment of Urinary Incontinence. Journal of Human Rhythm, 1(3), 83–89. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/105557
• Boylu, İ., & Dağlar, G. (2019). Urinary Incontinence and Stigma in Women. Cumhuriyet University Health Sciences Institute Journal, 4, 58–63. Brown, S., Gartland, D., Perlen, S., McDonald, E., & MacArthur, C. (2015). Consultation about urinary and faecal incontinence in the year after childbirth: a cohort study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 122(7), 954–962. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12963
• Doğan, H., Özengin, N., & Eroğlu, S. (2022). Comparison of patient characteristics, urinary incontinence behaviors and quality of life in different types of urinary incontinence. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 9(3), 189–195. https://doi.org/10.15437/jetr.1052568
• Hage-Fransen, M. A. H., Wiezer, M., Otto, A., Wieffer-Platvoet, M. S., Slotman, M. H., Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M. W. G., & Pool-Goudzwaard, A. L. (2021). Pregnancy- and obstetric-related risk factors for urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, or pelvic organ prolapse later in life: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 100(3), 373–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14027
• Haylen, B. T., de Ridder, D., Freeman, R. M., Swift, S. E., Berghmans, B., Lee, J., Monga, A., Petri, E., Rizk, D. E., Sand, P. K., & Schaer, G. N. (2010). An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. International Urogynecology Journal, 21(1), 5–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-009-0976-9
• Hazar, H. U., & Şirin, A. (2008). Validity and Reliability Study of Incontinence Severity Index. Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine Journal, 9(3), 5–8.
• İlçioğlu, K., Şahin, S., Özerdoğan, N., & Alaettin Ünsal. (2018). Evaluation of urinary incontinence and quality of life in married women aged between 20 and 49 years (Sakarya, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 48(1), 100–109. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1605-73
• İrer, B., Şen, V., Demir, Ö., Bozkurt, O., & Esen, A. (2018). The effects of urinary incontinence subtypes on quality of life: does it matter urinary incontinence subtype on doctor consultation. Middle East Medical Journal, 10(1), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.330654
• John Goforth, M. L. (2017). Intermittent sacral neuromodulation for idiopathic urgency urinary incontinence in women. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 36(2), 385–389. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.22938
• Karaca, Ş. B., & Demir, A. N. (2019). The Effect of Urinary Incontinence on Quality of Life and Mood in Female Patients and Exercise Awareness Levels of Patients. Ankara Education and Research Hospital Journal, 52(2), 133–137. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/775660
• Kaya, S., Akbayrak, T., Orhan, C., & Beksaç, S. (2015). Comparison of patient characteristics and urinary parameters in different types of urinary incontinence in women: a retrospective study.. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation, 2(3), 93–101. www.jetr.org.trjournalof Lim, R., Liong, M. L., Leong, W. S., & Lau, Y. K. (2017). Incontinence on Individual. Urology, 112, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2017.10.019
• Magnani, P. S., Bettiol, H., da Silva, A. A. M., Barbieri, M. A., de Carvalho Cavalli, R., & Brito, L. G. O. (2019). Urinary incontinence between 12 and 24 months postpartum: a cross-sectional study nested in a Brazilian cohort from two cities with different socioeconomic characteristics. International Urogynecology Journal, 30(6), 1003–1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-019-03907-y
• Murukesu, R. R., Singh, D. K. A., & Shahar, S. (2019). Urinary incontinence among urban and rural community dwelling older women: Prevalence, risk factors and quality of life. BMC Public Health, 19(Suppl 4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6870-6
• Ninomiya, S., Naito, K., Nakanishi, K., & Okayama, H. (2018). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Urinary Incontinence and Overactive Bladder in Japanese Women. LUTS: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, 10(3), 308–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/luts.12185
• Nygaard, C. C., Schreiner, L., Morsch, T. P., Saadi, R. P., Figueiredo, M. F., & Padoin, A. V. (2018). Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life in Female Patients with Obesity. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics, 40(09), 534–539. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1670626
• Özerdoğan, N., & Kızılkaya, N. (2003). Prevalence, risk factors and effects on quality of life of urinary incontinence in women aged 20 years and above in Eskişehir, Bilecik, Afyon and Kütahya provinces. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 13(51), 37–50. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/95286
• Patel, U. J., Godecker, A. L., Giles, D. L., & Brown, H. W. (2022). Updated Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in Women: 2015–2018 National Population-Based Survey Data. Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, 28(4), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0000000000001127
• Patrick, D. ., Martin, M. ., Bushnell, D. ., Yalcin, I., Wagner, T. ., & Buesching, D. . (1999). Quality of life of women with urinary incontinence: further development of the incontinence quality of life instrument (I-QOL). Urology, 53(1), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-4295(98)00454-3
• Pizzol, D., Demurtas, J., Celotto, S., Maggi, S., Smith, L., Angiolelli, G., Trott, M., Yang, L., & Veronese, N. (2021). Urinary incontinence and quality of life : a systematic review and meta ‑ analysis. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 33(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01712-y Rüzgar, Ş., Özerdoğan, N., & Yalçın, Ö. T. (2020). The Effect of Urinary Incontinence on Women's Quality of Life and Spiritual Dimension of Their Lives. Samsun Health Sciences Journal, 5(1), 50–58. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jshs/issue/54854/720138
• Sandvik, H., Hunskaar, S., Seim, A., Hermstad, R., Vanvik, A., & Bratt, H. (1993). Validation of a severity index in female urinary incontinence and its implementation in an epidemiological survey. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 47(6), 497–499. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.47.6.497
• Suhr, R., & Lahmann, N. A. (2018). Urinary incontinence in home care: a representative multicenter study on prevalence, severity, impact on quality of life, and risk factors. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 30(6), 589–594. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-017-0816-6
• Vaughan, C. P., & Markland, A. D. (2020). Urinary Incontinence in Women. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172(3), ITC17. https://doi.org/10.7326/AITC202002040
• Wagner, T. H., Patrick, D. L., & Bavendam, T. G. (1996). Quality of life of persons with urinary incontinence : Development of a new measure. Urology, 47(1), 67–71.
• Wood, L. N., & Anger, J. T. (2014). Urinary incontinence in women. BMJ, 349 (sep15 4), g4531–g4531. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4531