Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

The Effect of Internet Information Resources on Maternal Confidence and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 31 - 39, 28.03.2025

Öz

Objective: Breastfeeding is a natural and beneficial practice; however, many women experience various challenges. These challenges are influenced by factors such as maternal self-confidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the use of parenting-related internet information resources, maternal self-confidence, and breastfeeding self-efficacy. Materials and Methods: The population of the descriptive and analytical study consisted of all women who breastfed between September 2022 and February 2023. Purposive sampling was used and 318 women were selected. Data were collected by the researchers with an online survey between September 2022 and February 2023. Results: The mean age of the mothers participating was 30.94±4.51 years. The total score mean of the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS) was 35.38±4.06 (min=21.00, max=42.00). The total score mean of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale was 58.14±9.46 (min=19.00, max=70.00). A significant positive correlation was found between KPCS and breastfeeding self-efficacy (r=0.467, p<0.01). Conclusion: It was determined that the use of Internet sources of information about parenting increased mothers' self-confidence about infant care, but mothers with a high perception of breastfeeding self-efficacy rarely consulted Internet sources about breastfeeding.

Kaynakça

  • Amini, P., Omani-Samani, R., Sepidarkish, M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Hosseini, M., and Maroufizadeh, S. (2019). The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF): A validation study in Iranian mothers. BMC Research Notes, 12(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4656-7
  • Aston, M., Price, S., Monaghan, J., Sim, M., Hunter, A., & Little, V. (2018). Navigating and negotiating information and support: Experiences of first-time mothers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(3–4), 640–649. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13970
  • Aluş Tokat, M., Okumuş, H., and Dennis, C. L. (2010). Translation and psychometric assessment of the Breast-feeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form among pregnant and postnatal women in Turkey. Midwifery, 26(1), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.04.002
  • Avçin, E., & Can, Ş. (2022). The relationship between the stress experienced by parents and cyberchondria during the pandemic process. Library Hi Tech, 40(2), 548-568.
  • Batman, D. (2018). Gebe kadınların gebelikleriyle ilgili araştırdığı konular ve bilgi kaynakları: Nitel bir çalışma. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.30934/KUSBED.427777
  • Batman, D., & Şeker, S. (2019). Web tabanlı eğitimin prematüre yenidoğanların ebeveynlerinin bakımındaki özgüven ve kaygı düzeylerine etkisi. DEU HYO Dergisi, 12(2), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.03.005
  • Chivers, B. R., Garad, R. M., Moran, L. J., Lim, S., and Harrison, C. L. (2021). Support seeking in the postpartum period: Content analysis of posts in web-based parenting discussion groups. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(7). https://doi.org/10.2196/26600
  • Črncec, R., Barnett, B., and Matthey, S. (2008). Development of an instrument to assess perceived self-efficacy in the parents of infants. Research in Nursing & Health, 31(5), 442–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20271
  • Crossland, N., Thomson, G., and Moran, V. H. (2020). Impact of parenting resources on breastfeeding, parenting confidence and relationships. Midwifery, 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.102591
  • Çobanoğlu, A. (2020). Gebelerin ilaç kullanım durumu ve güvenli ilaç kullanımı bilgilerinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(4), 463–469. https://doi.org/10.17049/ATAUNIHEM
  • Esmaelzadeh Saeieh, S., Rahimzadeh, M., Yazdkhasti, M., and Torkashvand, S. (2017). Perceived social support and maternal competence in primipara women during pregnancy and after childbirth. International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 5(4), 408–416.
  • Gallegos, D., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J., and Parkinson, J. (2014). Can a text message a week improve breastfeeding? BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-014-0374-2
  • Gökçeoğlu, E., and Küçükoğlu, S. (2017). The relationship between insufficient milk perception and breastfeeding self-efficacy among Turkish mothers. Global Health Promotion, 24(4), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975916635080
  • Gozali, A., Gibson, S., Lipton, L. R., Pressman, A. W., Hammond, B. S., and Dumitriu, D. (2020). Assessing the effectiveness of a pediatrician-led newborn parenting class on maternal newborn-care knowledge, confidence and anxiety: A quasi-randomized controlled trial. Early Human Development, 147, 105082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105082
  • Haluza, D., and Böhm, I. (2020). Mobile and Online Health Information: Exploring digital media use among austrian parents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176053
  • Jang, J., Dworkin, J., and Hessel, H. (2015). Mothers’ use of information and communication technologies for information seeking. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(4), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0533
  • Kahraman, S., Kabalcıoğlı, F., and Ersin, F. (2016). Şanlıurfa’daki gebelerin bebek bakımına ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 36. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.92701
  • Karaçam, Z., and Sağlık, M. (2018). Breastfeeding problems and interventions performed on problems: Systematic review based on studies made in Turkey. Turk Pediatri Arsivi, 53(3). https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkPediatriArs.2018.6350
  • Khajehei, M., and Lee, A. (2019). Prevalence and risk factors of low parenting confidence in mothers of infants 0–12 months of age: a retrospective file review. Journal of Family Studies, 25(4), 397–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2016.1270226
  • Kim, S. C., and Hawkins, K. H. (2020). The psychology of social media communication in influencing prevention intentions during the 2019 U.S. measles outbreak. Computers in Human Behavior, 111, 106428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106428
  • Kristensen, I. H., Simonsen, M., Trillingsgaard, T., Pontoppidan, M., and Kronborg, H. (2018). First-time mothers’ confidence mood and stress in the first months postpartum. A cohort study. Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, 17, 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2018.06.003
  • Lebron, C. N., St. George, S. M., Eckembrecher, D. G., and Alvarez, L. M. (2020). “Am I doing this wrong?” Breastfeeding mothers’ use of an online forum. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/MCN.12890
  • Nicholl, H., Tracey, C., Begley, T., King, C., and Lynch, A. M. (2017). Internet use by parents of children with rare conditions: findings from a study on parents’ web ınformation needs. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.2196/JMIR.5834
  • Poorshaban, F., Pakseresht, S., Bostani Khalesi, Z., and KazemNejad Leili, E. (2017). Factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers within 6 weeks of delivery. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, 27(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.27
  • Pontoppidan, M., Andrade, S. B., Kristensen, I. H., and Mortensen, E. L. (2019). Maternal confidence after birth in at-risk and not-at-risk mothers: internal and external validity of the Danish version of the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS). Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-019-0126-1
  • Qian, J., Wu, T., Lv, M., Fang, Z., Chen, M., Zeng, Z., Jiang, S., Chen, W., and Zhang, J. (2021). The value of mobile health in improving breastfeeding outcomes among perinatal or postpartum women: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.2196/26098
  • Salonen, A. H., Pridham, K. F., Brown, R. L., and Kaunonen, M. (2014). Impact of an internet-based intervention on Finnish mothers’ perceptions of parenting satisfaction, infant centrality and depressive symptoms during the postpartum year. Midwifery, 30(1), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.02.009
  • Slomian, J., Bruyère, O., Reginster, J. Y., and Emonts, P. (2017). The internet as a source of information used by women after childbirth to meet their need for information: A web-based survey. Midwifery, 48,1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.10.004
  • Shoup, J. A., Narwaney, K. J., Wagner, N. M., Kraus, C. R., Gleason, K. S., Albright, K., and Glanz, J. M. (2019). Social media vaccine websites: A comparative analysis of public and moderated websites. Health Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 46(3), 454–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198118818253
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). (2021). TÜİK Kurumsal 2021 Doğum İstatistikleri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Birth-Statistics-2021-45547#:~:text=TÜİK Kurumsal&text=Canlı doğan bebek sayısı 2021,%2C7%27si kız oldu.&text=Toplam doğurganlık hızı%2C bir kadının,ortalama çocuk sayısını ifade etmektedir.
  • Van der Gugten, A. C., de Leeuw, R. J. R. J., Verheij, T. J. M., van der Ent, C. K., and Kars, M. C. (2016). E-health and health care behaviour of parents of young children: a qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 34(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.3109/02813432.2016.1160627
  • Wu, J. J. Y., Ahmad, N., Samuel, M., Logan, S., and Mattar, C. N. Z. (2021). The influence of web-based tools on maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant adolescents or adolescent mothers: Mixed methods systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(8). JMIR Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.2196/26786
  • Yang, X., Ke, S., & Gao, L. L. (2020). Social support, parental role competence and satisfaction among Chinese mothers and fathers in the early postpartum period: A cross-sectional study. Women and Birth, 33(3), e280–e285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.06.009
  • Yılmaz, B., and Oskay, Ü. (2021). Karitane Ebeveyn Kendine Güven Ölçeği: Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Cukurova Medical Journal, 46(2), 801–813. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.902521
  • Zheng, X., Morrell, J., and Watts, K. (2018). A quantitative longitudinal study to explore factors which influence maternal self-efficacy among Chinese primiparous women during the initial postpartum period. Midwifery, 59, 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.12.022

İnternet Bilgi Kaynaklarının Annelik Özgüveni ve Emzirme Öz-Yeterliği Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 31 - 39, 28.03.2025

Öz

Amaç: Emzirme, doğal ve faydalı bir uygulama olmasına rağmen birçok kadın çeşitli zorluklar yaşamaktadır. Bu zorluklar, annenin kendine güveni gibi faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ebeveynlikle ilgili internet bilgi kaynaklarının kullanımı ile annenin kendine güveni ve emzirme öz yeterliliği arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve analitik çalışmanın evrenini Eylül 2022 ile Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında emziren tüm kadınlar oluşturmuştur. Amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış ve 318 kadın seçilmiştir. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından Eylül 2022 ve Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında çevrimiçi bir anket ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan annelerin yaş ortalaması 30.94±4.51'dir. Karitane Ebeveynlik Güven Ölçeği (KEKGÖ) toplam puan ortalaması 35.38±4.06 olarak bulunmuştur (min=21.00, max=42.00). Emzirme Öz-Yeterlilik Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması ise 58.14±9.46’dır (min=19.00, max=70.00). KEKGÖ ile emzirme öz yeterliliği arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon bulundu (r=0.467, p<0.01). Sonuç: Ebeveynlikle ilgili internet bilgi kaynaklarının kullanımının annelerin bebek bakımı konusunda kendilerine olan güvenlerini artırdığı, ancak emzirme öz yeterlilik algısı yüksek olan annelerin emzirme konusunda internet kaynaklarına nadiren başvurdukları belirlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Amini, P., Omani-Samani, R., Sepidarkish, M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Hosseini, M., and Maroufizadeh, S. (2019). The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF): A validation study in Iranian mothers. BMC Research Notes, 12(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4656-7
  • Aston, M., Price, S., Monaghan, J., Sim, M., Hunter, A., & Little, V. (2018). Navigating and negotiating information and support: Experiences of first-time mothers. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27(3–4), 640–649. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13970
  • Aluş Tokat, M., Okumuş, H., and Dennis, C. L. (2010). Translation and psychometric assessment of the Breast-feeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form among pregnant and postnatal women in Turkey. Midwifery, 26(1), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.04.002
  • Avçin, E., & Can, Ş. (2022). The relationship between the stress experienced by parents and cyberchondria during the pandemic process. Library Hi Tech, 40(2), 548-568.
  • Batman, D. (2018). Gebe kadınların gebelikleriyle ilgili araştırdığı konular ve bilgi kaynakları: Nitel bir çalışma. Kocaeli Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 63–69. https://doi.org/10.30934/KUSBED.427777
  • Batman, D., & Şeker, S. (2019). Web tabanlı eğitimin prematüre yenidoğanların ebeveynlerinin bakımındaki özgüven ve kaygı düzeylerine etkisi. DEU HYO Dergisi, 12(2), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.03.005
  • Chivers, B. R., Garad, R. M., Moran, L. J., Lim, S., and Harrison, C. L. (2021). Support seeking in the postpartum period: Content analysis of posts in web-based parenting discussion groups. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(7). https://doi.org/10.2196/26600
  • Črncec, R., Barnett, B., and Matthey, S. (2008). Development of an instrument to assess perceived self-efficacy in the parents of infants. Research in Nursing & Health, 31(5), 442–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20271
  • Crossland, N., Thomson, G., and Moran, V. H. (2020). Impact of parenting resources on breastfeeding, parenting confidence and relationships. Midwifery, 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2019.102591
  • Çobanoğlu, A. (2020). Gebelerin ilaç kullanım durumu ve güvenli ilaç kullanımı bilgilerinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(4), 463–469. https://doi.org/10.17049/ATAUNIHEM
  • Esmaelzadeh Saeieh, S., Rahimzadeh, M., Yazdkhasti, M., and Torkashvand, S. (2017). Perceived social support and maternal competence in primipara women during pregnancy and after childbirth. International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 5(4), 408–416.
  • Gallegos, D., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J., and Parkinson, J. (2014). Can a text message a week improve breastfeeding? BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-014-0374-2
  • Gökçeoğlu, E., and Küçükoğlu, S. (2017). The relationship between insufficient milk perception and breastfeeding self-efficacy among Turkish mothers. Global Health Promotion, 24(4), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757975916635080
  • Gozali, A., Gibson, S., Lipton, L. R., Pressman, A. W., Hammond, B. S., and Dumitriu, D. (2020). Assessing the effectiveness of a pediatrician-led newborn parenting class on maternal newborn-care knowledge, confidence and anxiety: A quasi-randomized controlled trial. Early Human Development, 147, 105082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105082
  • Haluza, D., and Böhm, I. (2020). Mobile and Online Health Information: Exploring digital media use among austrian parents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176053
  • Jang, J., Dworkin, J., and Hessel, H. (2015). Mothers’ use of information and communication technologies for information seeking. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(4), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0533
  • Kahraman, S., Kabalcıoğlı, F., and Ersin, F. (2016). Şanlıurfa’daki gebelerin bebek bakımına ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 36. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.92701
  • Karaçam, Z., and Sağlık, M. (2018). Breastfeeding problems and interventions performed on problems: Systematic review based on studies made in Turkey. Turk Pediatri Arsivi, 53(3). https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkPediatriArs.2018.6350
  • Khajehei, M., and Lee, A. (2019). Prevalence and risk factors of low parenting confidence in mothers of infants 0–12 months of age: a retrospective file review. Journal of Family Studies, 25(4), 397–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2016.1270226
  • Kim, S. C., and Hawkins, K. H. (2020). The psychology of social media communication in influencing prevention intentions during the 2019 U.S. measles outbreak. Computers in Human Behavior, 111, 106428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106428
  • Kristensen, I. H., Simonsen, M., Trillingsgaard, T., Pontoppidan, M., and Kronborg, H. (2018). First-time mothers’ confidence mood and stress in the first months postpartum. A cohort study. Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare, 17, 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2018.06.003
  • Lebron, C. N., St. George, S. M., Eckembrecher, D. G., and Alvarez, L. M. (2020). “Am I doing this wrong?” Breastfeeding mothers’ use of an online forum. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/MCN.12890
  • Nicholl, H., Tracey, C., Begley, T., King, C., and Lynch, A. M. (2017). Internet use by parents of children with rare conditions: findings from a study on parents’ web ınformation needs. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.2196/JMIR.5834
  • Poorshaban, F., Pakseresht, S., Bostani Khalesi, Z., and KazemNejad Leili, E. (2017). Factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers within 6 weeks of delivery. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery, 27(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.hnmj.27.1.27
  • Pontoppidan, M., Andrade, S. B., Kristensen, I. H., and Mortensen, E. L. (2019). Maternal confidence after birth in at-risk and not-at-risk mothers: internal and external validity of the Danish version of the Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale (KPCS). Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-019-0126-1
  • Qian, J., Wu, T., Lv, M., Fang, Z., Chen, M., Zeng, Z., Jiang, S., Chen, W., and Zhang, J. (2021). The value of mobile health in improving breastfeeding outcomes among perinatal or postpartum women: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(7). https://doi.org/10.2196/26098
  • Salonen, A. H., Pridham, K. F., Brown, R. L., and Kaunonen, M. (2014). Impact of an internet-based intervention on Finnish mothers’ perceptions of parenting satisfaction, infant centrality and depressive symptoms during the postpartum year. Midwifery, 30(1), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.02.009
  • Slomian, J., Bruyère, O., Reginster, J. Y., and Emonts, P. (2017). The internet as a source of information used by women after childbirth to meet their need for information: A web-based survey. Midwifery, 48,1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.10.004
  • Shoup, J. A., Narwaney, K. J., Wagner, N. M., Kraus, C. R., Gleason, K. S., Albright, K., and Glanz, J. M. (2019). Social media vaccine websites: A comparative analysis of public and moderated websites. Health Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 46(3), 454–462. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198118818253
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). (2021). TÜİK Kurumsal 2021 Doğum İstatistikleri. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Birth-Statistics-2021-45547#:~:text=TÜİK Kurumsal&text=Canlı doğan bebek sayısı 2021,%2C7%27si kız oldu.&text=Toplam doğurganlık hızı%2C bir kadının,ortalama çocuk sayısını ifade etmektedir.
  • Van der Gugten, A. C., de Leeuw, R. J. R. J., Verheij, T. J. M., van der Ent, C. K., and Kars, M. C. (2016). E-health and health care behaviour of parents of young children: a qualitative study. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 34(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.3109/02813432.2016.1160627
  • Wu, J. J. Y., Ahmad, N., Samuel, M., Logan, S., and Mattar, C. N. Z. (2021). The influence of web-based tools on maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant adolescents or adolescent mothers: Mixed methods systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(8). JMIR Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.2196/26786
  • Yang, X., Ke, S., & Gao, L. L. (2020). Social support, parental role competence and satisfaction among Chinese mothers and fathers in the early postpartum period: A cross-sectional study. Women and Birth, 33(3), e280–e285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2019.06.009
  • Yılmaz, B., and Oskay, Ü. (2021). Karitane Ebeveyn Kendine Güven Ölçeği: Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Cukurova Medical Journal, 46(2), 801–813. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.902521
  • Zheng, X., Morrell, J., and Watts, K. (2018). A quantitative longitudinal study to explore factors which influence maternal self-efficacy among Chinese primiparous women during the initial postpartum period. Midwifery, 59, 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2017.12.022
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Ebelik, Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Eslem Altıntaş 0000-0001-8015-586X

İlkay Güngör Satılmış 0000-0002-9446-6148

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 25 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Altıntaş, E., & Güngör Satılmış, İ. (2025). The Effect of Internet Information Resources on Maternal Confidence and Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1575183

Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi

Dergimiz Açık Erişim Politikasını benimsemiş olup dergimize gönderilen yayınlar için gerek değerlendirme gerekse yayınlama dahil yazarlardan hiçbir ücret talep edilmemektedir. 

Creative Commons License

Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.