Comparison of Prevalence and Severity of Depressive Symptoms in Hemodialysis Patients Before and During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2023, , 131 - 139, 29.12.2023

Nilgun Tan Tabakoglu , Sedat Üstündağ

https://doi.org/10.61830/balkansbd.1399034

Cited By: 1

Öz

Abstract
Aims: To examine the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients before and during the COVID-19 epidemic and to evaluate its relationship with the pandemic.
Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively with 21 adult hemodialysis patients who were administered the Beck depression questionnaire between September 2018 and June 2021. The conformity of BDI scores to normal distribution was evaluated with the Shapiro-Wilk test. The Friedman test was used to compare BDI scores between 3 different repeated measurement times, and the Dunn test with Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons. Cochran Q test was used to compare patients' depression status (no vs. yes) between 3 different repeated measurement periods. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The average age of 21 patients (16 men and 5 women) was 66.6±9.6 years, and their ages ranged from 48 to 84 years. 23.8% of the patients were female and 76.2% were male. BDI scores during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly higher than pre-pandemic scores (p < 0.001; Table 1 and Figure 2). The severity of depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic was considerably higher in women than in men (p = 0.038).
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic increased BDI scores in hemodialysis patients. We think that the application of the Beck Depression Questionnaire in the routine follow-up of hemodialysis patients will contribute significantly to the early recognition of patients who may become depressed, provide the necessary treatments, and ensure compliance with hemodialysis treatment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

beck depression inventory, COVID-19, hemodialysis

Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Covid-19 Pandemisi Öncesi ve Sırasında Depresif Belirtilerin Yaygınlığı ve Şiddetinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Hemodiyaliz hastalarında COVID-19 salgını öncesi ve sırasında depresif belirtilerin varlığını ve şiddetini incelemek ve pandemi ile ilişkisini değerlendirmek.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Eylül 2018-Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında Beck depresyon anketi uygulanan 21 yetişkin hemodiyaliz hastası ile retrospektif olarak gerçekleştirildi. BDE skorlarının normal dağılıma uygunluğu Shapiro-Wilk testi ile değerlendirildi. 3 farklı tekrarlı ölçüm zamanı arasındaki BDÖ skorlarını karşılaştırmak için Friedman testi, çoklu karşılaştırmalar için Bonferroni düzeltmeli Dunn testi kullanıldı. Hastaların depresyon durumunu (hayır ve evet) 3 farklı tekrarlanan ölçüm periyodu arasında karşılaştırmak için Cochran Q testi kullanıldı. P değeri <0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: 21 hastanın (16 erkek, 5 kadın) yaş ortalaması 66,6±9,6 yıl olup, yaşları 48 ile 84 arasında değişmektedir. Hastaların %23,8'i kadın, %76,2'si erkekti. COVID-19 salgını sırasında BDE skorlarının pandemi öncesine göre anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu görüldü (p < 0,001; Tablo 1 ve Şekil 2). COVID-19 salgını sırasında depresif belirtilerin şiddeti kadınlarda erkeklere göre oldukça yüksekti (p = 0,038).
Sonuç: COVID-19 salgını hemodiyaliz hastalarında BDI skorlarını artırdı. Hemodiyaliz hastalarının rutin takibinde Beck Depresyon Anketi'nin uygulanmasının, depresyona girebilecek hastaların erken tanınmasına, gerekli tedavilerin sağlanmasına ve hemodiyaliz tedavisine uyumun artmasına önemli katkı sağlayacağını düşünüyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

beck depresyon envanteri, COVID-19, hemodiyaliz

Etik Beyan

The study was approved by the Trakya University Ethics Committee (protocol code: TUTF-BAEK 2021/300). The Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments conducted all procedures in this study.

Teşekkür

Thanks to Prof. Dr. Necdet Süt for supporting us in this research.

Kaynakça

• 1. Organization WH. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 78 March 2020 [Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/ coronaviruse/situationreports/20200407-sitrep-78-covid- 19.pdf?sfvrsn=bc43e1b_2;.
• 2. Health Mo. Republic of Turkey (MoH-TR) COVID-19 Web Page of the Republic of Turkey,: Ministry of Health [Internet]. ; 2020 [Available from: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr;.
• 3. Mushtaque I, Awais-E-Yazdan M, Zahra R, Anas M. Quality of life and illness acceptance among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis: The moderating effect of death anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic. Omega (Westport). 2022:00302228221075202.
• 4. Pereira BdS, Fernandes NdS, de Melo NP, Abrita R, Grincenkov FRdS, Fernandes NMdS. Beyond quality of life: a cross sectional study on the mental health of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis and their caregivers. Health Qual. Life Outcomes. 2017;15(1):1-10.
• 5. Jiang D, Yu X, Zhong T, Xiao Y, Wang L, editors. The Situation and Influencing Factors of Depression and Anxiety in Patients of Hemodialysis during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Healthcare; 2023: MDPI.
• 6. Izcovich A, Ragusa MA, Tortosa F, Lavena Marzio MA, Agnoletti C, Bengolea A, et al. Prognostic factors for severity and mortality in patients infected with COVID-19: A systematic review. PLOS One. 2020;15(11):e0241955.
• 7. Zhi ZLXBXZ. [The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China]. . Epidemiology Working Group for NCIP Epidemic Response, CCDC. 2020;41(2):145-51.
• 8. Cukor D, Coplan J, Brown C, Friedman S, Cromwell-Smith A, Peterson RA, et al. Depression and anxiety in urban hemodialysis patients. CJASN. 2007;2(3):484-90.
• 9. Chilcot J, Davenport, A., Wellsted, D., Firth, J. & Farrington, K. An association between depressive symptoms and survival in incident dialysis patients. . NDT. 2011;26(5):1628–34.
• 10. Lopes AA, Bragg, J., Young, E., et al. Depression as a predictor of mortality and hospitalization among hemodialysis patients in the United States and Europe. KI. 2002;62(1):199–207.
• 11. Hedayati SS, Bosworth, H. B., Kuchibhatla, M. (2006)., 69(9), . The predictive value of self-report scales compared with physician diagnosis of depression in hemodialysis patients. KI. 2006;69(9):1662–8.
• 12. Cohen SD, Norris, L., Acquaviva, K., Peterson, R.A. & Kimmel, P.L. Screening, diagnosis, and treatment of depression in patients with endstage renal disease. CJASN. 2007;2(6):1332–42.
• 13. Nadort E, Rijkers, N., Schouten, R. W., et al. Depression, anxiety and quality of life of hemodialysis patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Psychosom. Res., Advance online publication. 2022. 14. At B. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry.1961;4:561-71.
• 15. Hisli N. A study on the validity of the Beck Depression Inventory. Turk Psychol J. 1998;6:118-23.
• 16. Ulusoy M, Sahin NH, Erkmen H. Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties. J. Cogn. Psychother. 1998;12(2):163. 17. Couchoud C, Bayer, F., Ayav, C., Béchade, C., Brunet, P., Chantrel, F., & Strullu, B. Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients. . KI. 2020;98(6):1519-29.
• 18. Weinhandl ED, Wetmore, J. B., Peng, Y. et al. Initial effects of COVID-19 on patients with ESKD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2021;32(6):1444–53.
• 19. System USRD. Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States. United States Renal Data System; NIDDK. MD 2020. 20. Xiong F, Tang H, Liu L, Tu C, Tian J-B, Lei C-T, et al. Clinical characteristics of and medical interventions for COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients in Wuhan, China. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2020;31(7):1387.
• 21. Goicoechea M, Cámara LAS, Macías N, de Morales AM, Rojas ÁG, Bascuñana A, et al. COVID-19: clinical course and outcomes of 36 hemodialysis patients in Spain. KI. 2020;98(1):27-34. 22. Rombolà G, Brunini F. COVID-19 and dialysis: why we should be worried. J. Nephrol. Springer; 2020. p. 401-3.
• 23. Kimmel PL. Depression in patients with chronic renal disease: what we know and what we need to know. J. Psychosom. Res. 2002;53(4):951-6. 24. DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch. Intern. Med. 2000;160(14):2101-7.
• 25. Palmer S, Vecchio M, Craig JC, Tonelli M, Johnson DW, Nicolucci A, et al. Prevalence of depression in chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. KI. 2013;84(1):179-91.