Evaluation of Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients: Traditional Review

Öz

The assessment of nutritional status in patients with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is crucial for the early diagnosis and management of malnutrition, a common complication arising from the dietary and fluid restrictions imposed by the hemodialysis (HD) process. Various measurement tools have been developed for clinical use to evaluate malnutrition, each differing in their target populations and applications. Among these, the Subjective Global Assessment – 7P (SGD-7P) and the Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) are widely utilized in HD patients due to their comprehensive scope, ease of application without specialized equipment, and short administration time. These tools effectively assess nutritional status and detect malnutrition, making them essential components of patient evaluation. Beyond nutritional concerns, HD significantly impacts the physical, psychological, and socioeconomic well-being of individuals, often leading to a decline in overall quality of life. The advanced age of many HD patients further affects their ability to perform daily activities and maintain independence, contributing to poorer health outcomes and increased susceptibility to complications and mortality. In this context, the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Scale-36 (KDQOL-36) serves as a valuable tool for evaluating quality of life, providing critical insights into patients' well-being. The combined use of SGD-7P, MIS, and KDQOL-36 enhances the accuracy of patient assessments, enabling a more comprehensive evaluation of both nutritional status and quality of life. Regular monitoring of these parameters facilitates the early detection of malnutrition and allows for timely interventions, ultimately reducing the risk of mortality and improving clinical patient outcomes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• nutritional status
• dialysis
• malnutrition
• quality of life

Hemodiyaliz Hastalarında Beslenme Durumu ve Yaşam Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi: Geleneksel Derleme

Öz

Kronik Böbrek Yetmezliği (KBY) hastalarının beslenme durumunun değerlendirilmesi özellikle hemodiyaliz (HD) sürecinin beraberinde getirdiği diyet ve sıvı kısıtlamaları nedeniyle sıklıkla karşılaşılan malnütrisyonun erken teşhisi ve tedavisinde önemlidir. Malnütrisyonun değerlendirilmesinde klinik kullanımı olan birçok ölçüm aracı geliştirilmiştir. Bu beslenme durumu değerlendirme araçları hitap ettiği kitle ve kullanım alanlarına göre farklılık göstermektedir. Geniş kapsamları, uygulanmasında özel bir ekipmana gereksinim duyulmaması ve kısa sürede gerçekleştirilebilmesi nedeniyle beslenme durumunun etkili bir şekilde değerlendirilmesine ve malnütrisyonun tespit edilmesine olanak sağlayan Subjektif Global Değerlendirme – 7P (SGD-7P) ve Malnütrisyon İnflamasyon Skoru (MIS), HD hastalarında en sık kullanılan öznel değerlendirme araçlarındandır. Ayrıca HD bireylerin fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyoekonomik durumlarını etkileyerek yaşam kalitelerini değiştirebilmektedir ve bu değişim çoğunlukla negatif yönde bir eğilim göstermektedir. Bu popülasyondaki hastaların yaş ortalamasının yüksek olması günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin ve kendi başına iş yapabilme kapasitesinin de etkilenmesine sebep olmaktadır. HD hastalarının daha kötü yaşam kalitesine sahip olması komplikasyon risklerini ve mortaliteye yatkınlığı da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bireylerin yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesinde Böbrek Hastalığı Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği-36 (KDQOL-36) ölçüm aracı etkili bir yöntem olarak karşımıza çıkarken bu ölçüm araçlarının kombine bir şekilde kullanılması hastaların genel durumunun gözlenmesi ve takibinde daha güçlü sonuçlar vermektedir. Malnütrisyonun erken teşhisi için beslenme durumunun düzenli aralıklarla değerlendirilmesi ve yaşam kalitesinin belirli aralıklarla değerlendirilerek hastalara gerekli desteklerin sağlanması hastaların klinik seyrinin iyileşmesi ve mortalite riskinin azaltılmasında önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• beslenme durumu
• diyaliz
• malnütrisyon
• yaşam kalitesi

Kaynakça

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