Osteomyelitis and Nursing Care: Literature Review

Öz

Osteomyelitis can develop through spread from soft tissues and joints, through hematogenous spread, or through direct infection of bone by microorganisms following trauma or surgery. Osteomyelitis is classified as acute, subacute, or chronic based on the duration of symptoms and as hematogenous or exogenous based on the mechanism of infection. Preventing osteomyelitis is easier and less expensive than treating it. Therefore, preventing osteomyelitis is crucial. A multidisciplinary approach is essential in patient management. When antimicrobial therapy is inadequate for osteomyelitis, surgical techniques should be used to reduce deformity and restore function. Pain management can be achieved with analgesics and non-pharmacological methods, and appropriate nursing interventions can be implemented. Among the goals of nursing management in patients with osteomyelitis are to control pain and fever, prevent complications related to osteomyelitis, adhere to the treatment plan, and foster a positive outlook on disease outcomes. To ensure continued patient care at home, nurses should inform and guide patients and their families about the importance of regular antibiotic therapy, the need to prevent falls, aseptic dressings, cold and heat applications, signs of infection, and medication side effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Osteomyelitis
• nursing
• care

Osteomiyelit ve Hemşirelik Bakımı: Literatür İncelemesi

Öz

Osteomiyelit, yumuşak doku ve eklemlerden yayılım yoluyla, hematojen yolla, travma veya cerrahi işlem sonucu mikroorganizmaların kemiğe direk bulaşması sonucu gelişebilir. Osteomiyelit semptomların süresine göre akut, subakut ve kronik, enfeksiyonun oluşum mekanizmasına göre ise hematojen ve ekzojen olarak sınıflandırılmaktadır. Osteomyelitin önlenmesi, tedavisinden daha kolay ve ucuz olduğu için dur. Bu nedenle osteomiyelitin önlenmesi önemlidir. Hastaların tedavisinde, multidisipliner yaklaşım gereklidir. Osteomiyelit tedavisi için antimikrobiyal tedavi yetersiz kaldığında, şekil bozukluğunun azaltılması ve fonksiyonun sağlanması için cerrahi teknikler kullanılmaktadır lıdır. Ağrı yönetimi önemli olup, analjezikler ve farmakolojik olmayan yöntemler ile sağlanabilmekte ve uygun hemşirelik girişimleri ile sağlanır. uygulanabilmektedir. Osteomiyeliti olan hastada, ağrı ve ateş kontrolünün sağlanması, osteomyelit ile ilgili komplikasyon görülmemesi, tedavi planı ile uyumlu şekilde hareket edilmesi ve hastalık sonuçları ile ilgili pozitif bakış açısı geliştirilmesi hemşirelik yönetiminin amaçları arasındadır. Hastaların evde bakımlarının sürdürülmesi için hemşire, hasta ve ailesine, düzenli antibiyotik tedavisinin önemi, düşmelerin önlenmesinin gerekliliği, aseptik pansuman yapma, soğuk-sıcak uygulama, enfeksiyon bulguları ve ilaç yan etkileri konularında bilgi vermeli ve yönlendirmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Osteomiyelit
• hemşirelik
• bakım

Kaynakça

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