Gelişimsel Koordinasyon Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Duyusal Temelli Sanal Gerçeklik Müdahalelerinin Motor Performans ve Duyusal İşleme Üzerindeki Etkileri: Sistematik Bir İnceleme

Öz

Gelişimsel Koordinasyon Bozukluğu (GKB), çocukluk döneminde sık görülen ve motor koordinasyon becerilerinde belirgin güçlüklerle karakterize edilen bir nörogelişimsel bozukluktur. Bu motor güçlükler günlük yaşam aktivitelerini, akademik başarıyı ve sosyal katılımı olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Son yıllarda artan kanıtlar, GKB’de görülen motor yetersizliklerin yalnızca motor beceri eksikliğinden değil, duyusal işlemleme ve sensörimotor bütünleşmedeki bozulmalardan kaynaklandığını göstermektedir. Duyusal temelli sanal gerçeklik (SG) müdahaleleri, görsel, proprioseptif ve vestibüler uyaranları kontrollü ve etkileşimli biçimde sunarak motor öğrenme ve nöroplastisiteyi destekleyen yenilikçi bir rehabilitasyon yaklaşımı olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu sistematik derlemenin amacı, GKB’li çocuklarda duyusal temelli SG müdahalelerinin motor performans ve duyusal işlemleme üzerindeki etkilerini sentezlemek ve eleştirel olarak değerlendirmektir. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, CINAHL ve Cochrane Library veritabanlarında kapsamlı bir tarama yapılmış; randomize kontrollü çalışmalar, kontrollü ve yarı deneysel çalışmalar incelemeye dahil edilmiştir. Bulgular, duyusal temelli SG müdahalelerinin özellikle denge ve postüral kontrol üzerinde tutarlı olumlu etkiler sağladığını, koordinasyon ve fonksiyonel motor performansta ise orta düzeyde iyileşmeler oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, duyusal temelli SG müdahaleleri GKB’li çocuklarda motor performansı geliştirmede umut verici bir tamamlayıcı yaklaşım sunmaktadır; ancak klinik uygulamayı güçlendirmek için daha geniş örneklemli ve uzun dönemli çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gelişimsel eşgüdüm bozukluğu
• Sanal gerçeklik
• Motor beceriler
• Propriyosepsiyon
• Rehabilitasyon

Effects of Sensory-Based Virtual Reality Interventions on Motor Performance and Sensory Processing in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Systematic Review

Öz

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent motor coordination difficulties that significantly affect daily activities, academic performance, and social participation. Increasing evidence suggests that these motor impairments are closely linked to atypical sensory processing and inefficient sensorimotor integration rather than isolated motor deficits. Sensory-based virtual reality (VR) interventions have emerged as a promising rehabilitation approach by providing immersive, interactive, and multisensory environments that facilitate motor learning and neuroplasticity. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize and critically evaluate the effects of sensory-based VR interventions on motor performance and sensory processing outcomes in children with DCD. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across six electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials, controlled trials, and quasi-experimental studies involving children aged 5–12 years with DCD were included. The findings indicate that sensory-based VR interventions are associated with consistent improvements in balance and postural control, with moderate improvements in coordination and functional motor performance. Although sensory processing outcomes were less frequently assessed, available evidence suggests positive effects on proprioceptive and visual integration, often accompanying motor gains. Overall, sensory-based VR interventions appear to be a promising adjunct to conventional therapy for children with DCD. However, methodological limitations such as small sample sizes, heterogeneous intervention protocols, and limited long-term follow-up highlight the need for further high-quality research to optimize clinical application.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Developmental coordination disorder
• Virtual Reality
• Motor Skills
• Proprioception
• Rehabilitation

Kaynakça

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