Kraft Siyah Likörden Biyo-köpük Eldesi

Öz

Biyo esaslı malzemelerin sağlık ve çevreye dost olma açısından sentetiklerden üstün özellikleri vardır ve bu durum biyo malzemeleri geleceğin iyi bir alternatif malzemesi yapmaktadır. Son yıllarda meydana gelen doğal afetler ve kaynakların tükenmesi ile karşı karşıya kalınması ile bu konudaki hassasiyet daha da artmıştır. Bu çalışmada petrol esaslı köpüklerin yerine geçebilecek biyo-esaslı alternatif bir köpük malzeme geliştirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Kağıt üretim atığı olan siyah likör ve karışık çam kabukları biyo-köpük eldesinde ana materyaller olarak tercih edilmiştir. Tween 80 ve protein köpük ajanı farklı oranlarda (2 ve 4,4 g) kullanılmış ve biyo-köpük yapısına etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır. Köpüklerin yapısal özellikleri taramalı elektron mikroskopu (SEM), kimyasal özellikleri ise Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. SEM analizleri sonucunda maksimum hücre boyutu F-3 (2 g protein köpük ajanı) örneğinde 55.24 µm olarak, minimum hücre boyutu ise F-1 (4,4 g protein köpük ajanı) örneğinde 15 µm olarak ölçülmüştür. Maksimum ve minimum hücre boyutu ve duvar kalınlıkları sırasıyla 5,93 µm ile F-2 (4,4 Tween 80) örneğinde, 3.66 µm ile F-4 (2 g Tween 80) örneğinde tespit edilmiştir. Kraft siyah liköründen üretilen biyo-köpük, yalıtım malzemesi olarak kullanılmaya yeterli köpüklenme özelliği ve poroz yapısı ile umut verici bir başarı göstermiştir. Petrol esaslı köpüklerin yerini biyo-esaslı köpüklerin alması ile katma değeri yüksek alternatif materyaller, kağıt fabrikası atıklarından üretilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kağıt fabrikası atıkları
• biyo-köpükler
• materyal karakterizasyonu
• sürdürülebilir orman kaynakları.

Bio-foam from Kraft Black Liquor

Öz

Bio-based materials have superior properties in terms of health and environmental friendly as compared with synthetic materials. This makes bio-based materials a good alternative for the future. The sensitivity on this issue has increased even more with the natural disasters that have occurred in recent years and the depletion of resources. In this study, it was aimed to develop alternative bio-based material foams from wastes of paper mills to petroleum-based foams. The mixtures of black liquor and pine bark as the paper mill wastes were selected as the main materials in the production of bio-foams. The changes in the foam structure were determined by adding with different rates of Tween 80 and protein foaming agents (2 g and 4.4 g). The structural and chemical properties of the foams were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. In SEM analysis, the maximum cell size was found as 55.24 µm for the F-3 (2 g protein foaming agent) sample, while the minimum cell size was 15 µm for F-1 (4.4g protein foaming agent) sample. The maximum and minimum cell size and wall thickness were determined respectively as 5.93 µm for F-2 (4.4g Tween 80) sample and 3.66 µm for F-4 (2 g Tween 80) sample. Bio-foam from kraft liquor has shown a promising success with its foaming features and adequate porous structure for using as an insulation material. By replacing petroleum-based foams with bio-based foams, a new value-added alternative material can be produced from paper mill wastes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Paper mill wastes
• Bio-foams
• material characterization
• sustainable forest resources.

Kaynakça

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