The Usability of Blue Spruce (Picea pungens) Tree Leaves and Branches in the City Center as Biomonitors for the Detection of Metal Pollution (Ca, Mg, Mn) in the Air

Abstract

Especially in the last century, the world has faced three main problems: climate change, global warming, and air pollution. The increasing human population causes air pollution due to more urbanization and industrialization. Heavy metals released into nature for various reasons can harm humans and plants by adhering to particulate matter in the air. Among the macro and micronutrients required for plant growth and development, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) are also heavy metals. While low amounts of some heavy metals are hazardous for living communities, the nutritional elements necessary for the plant also have a toxic effect on the plant when they exceed certain threshold values. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the amounts of Ca, Mg, and Mn elements in plant organs and the change of these concentrations over the years. The changes of Ca, Mg, and Mn concentrations according to plant parts and years were investigated by analyzing branch and leaf samples taken from a Blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) tree in the Ulus district of Ankara. The results revealed that Ca, Mg, and Mn metal concentrations differed significantly depending on plant parts and organ age. This result shows that the branches and leaves of Picea pungens tree are suitable for monitoring heavy metal concentrations, that is, as a biomonitor. The preferred method in the study can be considered sustainable and does not endanger the tree's life.

Keywords

• Biomonitor
• calcium
• magnesium
• manganese
• Picea pungens

Havadaki Metal Kirliliğinin (Ca, Mg, Mn) Tespitinde Kent Merkezindeki Mavi Ladin (Picea pungens) Ağacının Yaprak ve Dallarının Biyomonitör Olarak Kullanılabilirliği

Öz

Dünya özellikle son yüzyılda iklim değişikliği, küresel ısınma ve hava kirliliği gibi üç temel problemle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Artan insan nüfusu daha fazla kentleşme ve endüstrileşme dolayısıyla hava kirliliğe sebep olmaktadır. Çeşitli sebeplerle doğaya salınan ağır metaller havada bulunan partikül maddelere tutunarak gerek insan gerekse de bitkiler için son derece zararlı olabilmektedirler. Bitki büyüme ve gelişmesi için gerekli olan makro ve mikro besin elementleri içerisinde kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg) ve mangan (Mn) aynı zamanda bir ağır metaldir. Bazı ağır metaller düşük miktarları canlı toplulukları için son derece tehlikeli olmakta iken bitki için gerekli olan besin elementleri de belli eşik değerleri aştıkları zaman bitki için toksik bir etki yapmaktadırlar. Bundan dolayı Ca, Mg ve Mn elementlerinin bitki organlarındaki miktarlarının ve bu konsantrasyonlarının yıllar içerisindeki değişiminin tespiti son derece önemlidir. Ankara Ulus semtindeki bir mavi ladin (Picea pungens Engelm.) ağacından alınan dal ve yaprak örneklerinde analizler gerçekleştirilerek, Ca, Mg ve Mn konsantrasyonlarının bitki kısımlarına ve yıllara göre değişimleri incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları Ca, Mg ve Mn metal konsantrasyonlarının bitki kısımları ve organ yaşına bağlı olarak önemli miktarda farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuç, Picea pungens ağacının dal ve yaprakları ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının izlenmesinde yani biyomonitör olarak kullanımına uygun olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmada tercih edilen yöntem, ağacı hayati bir tehlikeye sokmayan, sürdürülebilir bir metot olarak değerlendirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyomonitor
• kalsiyum
• magnezyum
• mangan
• Picea pungens

Kaynakça

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