Reçine Üretimine Genel Bir Bakış ve Covid-19’ un Üretim Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Dikili ağaçlardan çeşitli yaralama yöntemleriyle üretilen reçine, opak süt beyazı renkte, yoğun, yapışkan ve akışkan özellik gösteren bir üründür. Reçine literatürde rosin, resin ve oleoresin olarak üç farklı terimle ifade edilmektedir. Dünyada yaklaşık 100 çam türünden geleneksel olarak Çin yöntemi, Amerikan yöntemi, Hugues ya da Fransız yöntemi ve Mazek ya da Rill yöntemleriyle reçine üretimi yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca oyma delik veya Eurogem olarak isimlendirilen kapalı yara yöntemi de kullanılmaktadır. Dünya üzerinde iğne yapraklı ağaçlar dışında reçine üretimi yapılan diğer bazı önemli odun ve odun dışı bitkiler arasında Cistus ladanifer, Styrax officinalis, Ferula assa-foetida, Myroxylon balsamum, Boswellia serrata, Pistacia atlantica vd. türler yer almaktadır. Günümüzde Çin, Brezilya ve Endonezya dünyada dikili çam reçinesi üretiminin %90’nından fazlasını gerçekleştirmektedir. Reçine üretiminin % 68’inin oleoresin, %31’inin sülfat reçinesi ve diğer kısmının ise ekstraksiyon reçinesi olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. 2019 yılında 1.270,000 ton olan kolofan üretimi covid-19 etkisiyle 2020 yılında %9,45 oranında azalarak 1.150,000 tona düşmüştür. Benzer şekilde 2019 yılında dünyada toplam terebentin üretimi 345,000 ton olarak gerçekleşirken bu rakam 2020 yılında 325,000 tona gerilemiştir. Reçine ve kolofan gibi türevleri mikrokapsülasyon, fungisit, herbisit, ahşap koruma, kâğıt endüstrisi, biyoyakıt, nanomateryal, yeşil kimyasallar vb. alanlarda kullanılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Oleoresin
• resin
• kolofan
• terebentin
• covid-19

An Overview of Resin Production and the Effect of Covid-19 on Production

Abstract

The resin obtained from planted trees by various tapping methods is an opaque, milky white, dense product with sticky and liquid properties. In the literature, there are three different terms such as rosin, resin, and oleoresin that refer to resin. Traditionally, the resin is produced from about 100 species of pine trees in the world using the Chinese method, the American method, the Hugues or French method, and the Mazek or Rill method. In addition, the closed-blaze method called borehole or Eurogem is also used. Cistus ladanifer, Styrax officinalis, Ferula assa-foetida, Myroxylon balsamum, Boswellia serrata, Pistacia atlantica, etc. are among some other important wood and non-wood plants that produce resin besides conifers in the world. Today, China, Brazil, and Indonesia realize more than 90% of the planted pine resin production in the world. It is estimated that 68% of the resin production is oleoresin, 31% sulfate resin, and the other part is extractive resin. Colophony production, which was 1,270,000 tonnes in 2019, decreased by 9.45% to 1,150,000 tonnes in 2020 due to Covid-19. Also, while the total world turpentine production in 2019 was 345,000 tons, in 2020 this figure dropped to 325,000 tons. Resin and its derivatives such as rosin are used in microencapsulation, fungicide, herbicide, wood protection, the paper industry, biofuel, nanomaterial, green chemicals, and similar fields.

Keywords

• Oleoresin
• resin
• rosin
• turpentine
• covid-19

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